Perini Jamila Alessandra, Cardoso Jessica Vilarinho, Knesse Alana de Oliveira, Pessoa-Silva Felipe Oliveira, Vasconcellos Ana Claudia Santiago de, Machado Daniel Escorsim, Basta Paulo Cesar
Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil.
Laboratório de Educação Profissional em Vigilância em Saúde, Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (EPSJV/Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
Toxics. 2024 Mar 20;12(3):226. doi: 10.3390/toxics12030226.
Mercury (Hg) pollution is a global public health concern because of its adverse effects on the environment and health. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with Hg levels and outcomes. The aim of this review was to describe the research and discuss the evidence on the genetic susceptibility of Hg-exposed individuals to the development of neurocognitive disorders. A systematic review was performed to identify the genes/SNPs associated with Hg toxicokinetics and that, therefore, affect neurological function in exposed populations. Observational and experimental studies were identified by screening three databases. Thirteen articles were included (quality score 82-100%) and 8124 individuals were evaluated. Hg exposure was mainly fish consumption (77%) and, in 31% of the studies, the Hg levels exceeded the reference limits. Genetic susceptibility to higher Hg levels and neurotoxicity risk in Hg poisoning were associated with eight ( rs1800435, rs2740574, rs776746, rs2257401, rs1695, rs8052394, rs2270836, and rs11643815) and three ( rs8052394, rs2270837, and rs10636) SNPs, respectively, and rs8052394 was associated with both outcomes. The rs8052394 SNP may be used as a susceptibility biomarker to identify individuals at greater risk for higher Hg levels and the development of neurocognitive disorders in metal-exposed populations.
汞（Hg）污染因其对环境和健康的不利影响而成为全球公共卫生问题。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与汞水平及后果相关。本综述的目的是描述相关研究并讨论汞暴露个体对神经认知障碍发展的遗传易感性证据。进行了一项系统综述，以确定与汞毒代动力学相关且因此影响暴露人群神经功能的基因/SNP。通过筛选三个数据库确定了观察性和实验性研究。纳入了13篇文章（质量评分82 - 100%），并对8124名个体进行了评估。汞暴露主要是通过食用鱼类（77%），在31%的研究中，汞水平超过了参考限值。对更高汞水平的遗传易感性以及汞中毒时的神经毒性风险分别与8个（rs1800435、rs2740574、rs776746、rs2257401、rs1695、rs8052394、rs2270836和rs11643815）和3个（rs8052394、rs2270837和rs10636）SNP相关，且rs8052394与这两种结果均相关。rs8052394 SNP可作为一种易感性生物标志物，用于识别金属暴露人群中汞水平较高及发生神经认知障碍风险更大的个体。
