Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Veracruz, 91040 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Veracruz, 91010 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2024 Mar 12;16(1):9. doi: 10.31083/j.fbe1601009.
In most ecosystems, plants establish complex symbiotic relationships with organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which significantly influence their health by promoting or inhibiting growth. These relationships involve biochemical exchanges at the cellular level that affect plant physiology and have evolutionary implications, such as species diversification, horizontal gene transfer, symbiosis and mutualism, environmental adaptation, and positive impacts on community structure and biodiversity. For these reasons, contemporary research, moving beyond observational studies, seeks to elucidate the molecular basis of these interactions; however, gaps in knowledge remain. This is particularly noticeable in understanding how plants distinguish between beneficial and antagonistic microorganisms. In light of the above, this literature review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring the key mechanisms in common interspecies relationships. Thus, our study presents novel insights into these evolutionary archetypes, focusing on the antibiosis process and microbial signaling, including chemotaxis and quorum sensing. Additionally, it examined the biochemical basis of endophytism, pre-mRNA splicing, and transcriptional plasticity, highlighting the roles of transcription factors and epigenetic regulation in the functions of the interacting organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding these confluences in natural environments, which are crucial for future theoretical and practical applications, such as improving plant nutrition, protecting against pathogens, developing transgenic crops, sustainable agriculture, and researching disease mechanisms. It was concluded that because of the characteristics of the various biomolecules involved in these biological interactions, there are interconnected molecular networks in nature that give rise to different ecological scaffolds. These networks integrate a myriad of functionally organic units that belong to various kingdoms. This interweaving underscores the complexity and multidisciplinary integration required to understand plant-microbe interactions at the molecular level. Regarding the limitations inherent in this study, it is recognized that researchers face significant obstacles. These include technical difficulties in experimentation and fieldwork, as well as the arduous task of consolidating and summarizing findings for academic articles. Challenges range from understanding complex ecological and molecular dynamics to unbiased and objective interpretation of diverse and ever-changing literature.
在大多数生态系统中，植物与生物体（如细菌和真菌）建立复杂的共生关系，这些生物体通过促进或抑制生长来显著影响植物的健康。这些关系涉及细胞水平的生化交换，影响植物的生理学，并具有进化意义，例如物种多样化、水平基因转移、共生和互利共生、环境适应以及对群落结构和生物多样性的积极影响。出于这些原因，超越观察研究的当代研究旨在阐明这些相互作用的分子基础；然而，知识仍然存在差距。在理解植物如何区分有益和有害微生物方面，这一点尤为明显。有鉴于此，本文献综述旨在通过探索共同种间关系的关键机制来解决其中的一些差距。因此，我们的研究通过聚焦于抗生作用和微生物信号传导，包括趋化作用和群体感应，为这些进化原型提供了新的见解。此外，还研究了内共生、前体 mRNA 剪接和转录可塑性的生化基础，强调了转录因子和表观遗传调控在相互作用的生物体功能中的作用。这些发现强调了在自然环境中理解这些汇合的重要性，这对于未来的理论和实际应用至关重要，例如改善植物营养、防治病原体、开发转基因作物、可持续农业和研究疾病机制。结论是，由于参与这些生物相互作用的各种生物分子的特性，自然界中存在着相互关联的分子网络，这些网络构成了不同的生态支架。这些网络整合了属于不同王国的无数功能有机单元。这种交织突显了在分子水平上理解植物-微生物相互作用所需的复杂性和多学科整合。关于本研究固有的局限性，人们认识到研究人员面临着重大挑战。这些挑战包括实验和实地工作的技术困难，以及为学术文章整合和总结研究结果的艰巨任务。从理解复杂的生态和分子动态到对不断变化的文献进行公正和客观的解释，这些挑战层出不穷。
