Xue Miaomiao, Xu Pao, Wen Haibo, Chen Jianxiang, Wang Qingyong, He Jiyan, He Changchang, Kong Changxin, Li Xiaowei, Li Hongxia, Song Changyou
Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Mar 18;13(3):363. doi: 10.3390/antiox13030363.
Lipids are critical nutrients for aquatic animals, and excessive or insufficient lipid intake can lead to physiological disorders, which further affect fish growth and health. In aquatic animals, the gut microbiota has an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism. However, the effects of a high-fat diet on physical health and microbiota diversity in the gut of freshwater drum () are unclear. Therefore, in the present study, a control group (Con, 6%) and a high-fat diet group (HFD, 12%) were established for a 16-week feeding experiment in freshwater drum to explore the physiological changes in the gut and the potential regulatory mechanisms of bacteria. The results indicated that a high-fat diet inhibited antioxidant and immune capacity while increasing inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in gut cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment in immune-related, apoptosis-related and disease-related pathways. Through 16S rRNA analysis, a total of 31 genus-level differentially abundant bacterial taxa were identified. In addition, a high-fat diet reduced gut microbial diversity and disrupted the ecological balance of the gut microbiota (Ace, Chao, Shannon and Simpson indices). Integrated analysis of the gut microbiota combined with physiological indicators and the transcriptome revealed that gut microbial disorders were associated with intestinal antioxidants, immune and inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis and autophagy. Specifically, genus-level bacterial taxa in Proteobacteria (, , and ) could serve as potential targets controlling the response to high-fat-diet stimulation.
脂质是水生动物的关键营养素，脂质摄入过多或不足都会导致生理紊乱，进而影响鱼类的生长和健康。在水生动物中，肠道微生物群在脂质代谢中具有重要的调节作用。然而，高脂饮食对淡水鼓鱼（）肠道健康和微生物群多样性的影响尚不清楚。因此，在本研究中，设立了对照组（Con，6%）和高脂饮食组（HFD，12%），对淡水鼓鱼进行为期16周的饲养实验，以探究肠道的生理变化及细菌的潜在调控机制。结果表明，高脂饮食抑制了抗氧化和免疫能力，同时增加了肠道细胞的炎症、凋亡和自噬。转录组分析显示免疫相关、凋亡相关和疾病相关途径显著富集。通过16S rRNA分析，共鉴定出31个属水平上差异丰富的细菌类群。此外，高脂饮食降低了肠道微生物多样性，破坏了肠道微生物群的生态平衡（Ace、Chao、Shannon和Simpson指数）。结合生理指标和转录组对肠道微生物群进行综合分析表明，肠道微生物紊乱与肠道抗氧化、免疫和炎症反应、细胞凋亡和自噬有关。具体而言，变形菌门（、、和）中属水平的细菌类群可作为控制高脂饮食刺激反应的潜在靶点。
