Weiß Moritz, Büttner Matthias, Richlan Fabio
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience & Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Mar 20;14(3):254. doi: 10.3390/bs14030254.
Sports injuries have historically been addressed and treated from a purely physical perspective. Nevertheless, like in many other aspects of sports, it has become evident during the last decades that psychological considerations and consequent interventions are both vital and inevitable in the work with athletes, particularly in the work with junior athletes. Especially in the domains of sports injury prevention and rehabilitation, psychological measures can yield significant benefits for junior athletes. Stress management techniques, cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, motor imagery, or seeking social support have been demonstrated as being highly effective. These techniques, many of them originally intended by sport psychologists to optimize performance, now aid junior athletes in performing at their best while also preventing injury and facilitating a safe return to competition after injury. During injury rehabilitation, sport psychological measures play an important role as well. The purpose of this review is firstly to provide an overview of the psychological factors that significantly support both injury prevention and rehabilitation. We subsequently elaborate on the identification and optimization of these factors by presenting evidence-based psychological interventions and training programs. In addition, we provide science-informed fundamentals that may serve as a basis for the adaptation and/or development of novel psychological measures to support junior athletes during injury prevention and rehabilitation.
从历史角度来看，运动损伤一直都是从纯粹的身体层面来处理和治疗的。然而，就像在体育的许多其他方面一样，在过去几十年里，很明显在与运动员合作，特别是与青少年运动员合作时，心理方面的考量及相应干预措施至关重要且不可避免。尤其是在运动损伤预防和康复领域，心理措施能给青少年运动员带来显著益处。压力管理技巧、认知重构、正念、运动想象或寻求社会支持已被证明非常有效。这些技巧，其中许多最初是运动心理学家为优化表现而设计的，现在有助于青少年运动员发挥出最佳水平，同时预防损伤，并在受伤后促进安全回归比赛。在损伤康复过程中，运动心理措施也发挥着重要作用。本综述的目的首先是概述对损伤预防和康复均有显著支持作用的心理因素。随后，我们通过介绍基于证据的心理干预措施和训练项目，详细阐述这些因素的识别和优化。此外，我们提供科学依据，可为调整和/或开发新的心理措施提供基础，以在损伤预防和康复期间支持青少年运动员。
