Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Plastic Surgery, UKGM University Hospital Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Brandenburg, D-16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Feb 25;60(3):385. doi: 10.3390/medicina60030385.
While the World Health Organization (WHO) has de-escalated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a global health emergency, ongoing discussions persist as new viral variants. This article aimed to consolidate German recommendations and international research to offer health care providers (HCPs) a comprehensive guide on COVID-19 boosters in 2024. The review outlines key recommendations from the German Robert Koch Institute. HCPs should receive COVID-19 boosters at least 12 months after their last vaccination or COVID-19 infection, contingent on the prevalent viral variant(s) in the region. However, excessive doses and/or frequent boosters, especially with mRNA vaccines, may lead to immune imprinting, T-cell exhaustion, and immunoglobulin (Ig) switching. Notably, this review highlights the significance of Ig, particularly IgA and IgG subclasses, in influencing infection risk and disease progression. Furthermore, it explores the implications of mRNA vaccine technology and potential adverse effects related to excessive dosing. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 vaccine boosters for HCPs, synthesising current recommendations, scientific debates, and considerations for optimising protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the evolving landscape of the post-pandemic era.
虽然世界卫生组织（WHO）已将 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）从全球卫生紧急情况降级，但随着新的病毒变体的出现，仍在持续讨论。本文旨在整合德国的建议和国际研究，为医疗保健提供者（HCPs）提供 2024 年 COVID-19 加强针的综合指南。该综述概述了德国罗伯特·科赫研究所的关键建议。HCPs 应在最后一次接种疫苗或 COVID-19 感染后至少 12 个月接受 COVID-19 加强针，具体取决于该地区流行的病毒变体。然而，过量剂量和/或频繁加强针，特别是使用 mRNA 疫苗，可能导致免疫印记、T 细胞耗竭和免疫球蛋白（Ig）转换。值得注意的是，该综述强调了 Ig，特别是 IgA 和 IgG 亚类，在影响感染风险和疾病进展方面的重要性。此外，它探讨了 mRNA 疫苗技术的含义以及与过量剂量相关的潜在不良反应。总之，本文对 HCPs 的 COVID-19 疫苗加强针进行了全面分析，综合了当前的建议、科学辩论以及在大流行后期不断变化的背景下优化对 SARS-CoV-2 保护的考虑因素。
