Healthy Living Spaces Lab, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KL Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Mar 10;21(3):323. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21030323.
The consequences of climate change are already visible, and yet, its effect on psychosocial factors, including the expression of empathy, affect, and social disconnection, is widely unknown. Outdoor conditions are expected to influence indoor conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of indoor air temperature during work hours on empathy, positive and negative affect, and social disconnection. Participants ( = 31) were exposed, in a cross-over design, to two thermal conditions in a simulated office environment. Questions on empathy and social disconnection were administered before and after the exposure to each condition, while affect was measured throughout the day. Subjective thermal sensation and objective measures of mean skin temperature were considered. The results indicated a significant difference in empathy ((1, 24) = 5.37, = 0.03, with an = 0.126) between conditions. Participants reported increases in empathy after exposure to the warm condition compared to the cool condition, in which reductions in empathy were reported. Although the same pattern was observed for positive affect, the difference was smaller and the results were not significant. Thermal sensation had a significant effect on changes in empathy too ((1, 54) = 7.015, = 0.01, with an = 0.115), while mean skin temperature had no effect on empathy ((1, 6) = 0.53, = 0.89, with an = 0.81). No effects were observed for positive and negative affect and social disconnection. Longitudinal studies are needed to support these findings.
气候变化的后果已经显而易见，然而，其对心理社会因素的影响，包括同理心、情感和社会脱节的表达，却鲜为人知。室外条件预计会影响室内条件。因此，本研究旨在调查工作时间内室内空气温度对同理心、积极和消极情感以及社会脱节的影响。参与者（n=31）在模拟办公环境中以交叉设计的方式暴露于两种热条件下。在暴露于每种条件前后，对同理心和社会脱节问题进行了调查，而在一天中测量了情感。考虑了主观热感觉和平均皮肤温度的客观测量。结果表明，在同理心方面，两种条件之间存在显著差异（(1, 24)=5.37，p=0.03，ηp2=0.126）。与冷条件相比，参与者在暴露于热条件后报告的同理心增加，而在冷条件下报告的同理心减少。尽管积极情感也呈现出相同的模式，但差异较小，结果无统计学意义。热感觉对同理心的变化也有显著影响（(1, 54)=7.015，p=0.01，ηp2=0.115），而平均皮肤温度对同理心没有影响（(1, 6)=0.53，p=0.89，ηp2=0.81）。积极情感和消极情感以及社会脱节没有观察到影响。需要进行纵向研究来支持这些发现。
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