Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Mar 11;21(3):325. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21030325.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a growing number of patients experiencing persistent symptoms and physiological changes after recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as Long COVID. Long COVID is characterized by recurring symptoms and inflammation across multiple organ systems. Diagnosis can be challenging, influenced by factors like demographics, comorbidities, and immune responses. Long COVID impacts various organ systems and can have neuropsychological effects. Health disparities, particularly related to race, contribute to a higher burden of infection and ongoing symptoms in minority populations. Managing Long COVID entails addressing a spectrum of symptoms that encompass physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The recovery period for patients with Long COVID can vary significantly, influenced by factors like the severity of the disease, hospitalization, comorbidities, and age. Currently, there are no universally effective treatments, although certain interventions show promise, necessitating further research. Self-management and rehabilitation programs can provide relief, but more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Preventive measures such as vaccination and the use of antiviral medications and metformin. It is imperative to conduct further research to develop evidence-based guidelines and gain a better understanding of the long-term implications of COVID-19. Long COVID could have substantial economic impact on the labor market, productivity, healthcare expenditures, and overall economic growth. To address the challenges patients with long-term complications face, there is a focus on strategies like promoting telework and flexible work arrangements to accommodate diverse symptoms, particularly chronic fatigue and other Long COVID effects. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the multifaceted complexity of Long COVID and the ongoing need to address its potential long-term health and economic impacts.
COVID-19 大流行导致越来越多的患者在急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染后出现持续症状和生理变化,称为长新冠。长新冠的特征是反复发作的症状和多个器官系统的炎症。诊断具有挑战性,受到人口统计学、合并症和免疫反应等因素的影响。长新冠影响各种器官系统,并可能产生神经心理学影响。健康差异,特别是与种族有关的差异,导致少数族裔人群感染和持续症状的负担更高。管理长新冠需要解决一系列症状,包括身体、认知和心理方面。长新冠患者的恢复期差异很大,受到疾病严重程度、住院、合并症和年龄等因素的影响。目前,虽然某些干预措施显示出希望,但还没有普遍有效的治疗方法,需要进一步研究。自我管理和康复计划可以提供缓解,但需要更多的研究来确定其效果。预防措施,如接种疫苗、使用抗病毒药物和二甲双胍。必须进行进一步的研究,以制定基于证据的指南,并更好地了解 COVID-19 的长期影响。长新冠可能对劳动力市场、生产力、医疗保健支出和整体经济增长产生重大的经济影响。为了应对长期并发症患者面临的挑战,重点关注促进远程办公和灵活工作安排等策略,以适应各种症状,特别是慢性疲劳和其他长新冠影响。总之,本综述强调了长新冠的多方面复杂性,以及应对其潜在长期健康和经济影响的持续需求。
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024-3-11
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2021-7-1
Physiol Int. 2023-12-18
Biomolecules. 2024-7-11
Przegl Epidemiol. 2022
Eur J Pediatr. 2023-4
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2025-7-13
PLoS One. 2025-6-6
Lancet Infect Dis. 2023-7
JAMA Intern Med. 2023-6-1
Nat Commun. 2023-3-7