Park Hyeseon, Kang Yoo Kyung, Shim Gayong
School of Systems Biomedical Science and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar 1;16(3):346. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030346.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology is at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy innovation, offering precise and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss CRISPR/Cas9's ability to precisely edit the genome, its impact on immune checkpoint control, and its application in immune cell engineering, where it surpasses traditional gene editing techniques. Originally inspired by bacterial defense mechanisms, this technology has made great strides in cancer immunotherapy as a mechanism to specifically target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immune checkpoint blockades. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 plays an important role in cancer treatment by facilitating genetic modifications to enhance the properties of adoptive cell therapy, optimizing the therapeutic potential of this approach. This review provides an overview of the development of CRISPR/Cas9, its important role in immune checkpoint control, applications in immune cell engineering, and the current status of clinical trials. However, safety concerns related to off-target effects and unintended mutations require continued research and caution. Continued advances in CRISPR technology hold the promise of revolutionizing the cancer treatment paradigm, providing personalized and effective therapies for patients with various types of cancer.
成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白Cas9（CRISPR/Cas9）技术处于癌症免疫治疗创新的前沿，提供精确且个性化的治疗策略。在本综述中，我们讨论了CRISPR/Cas9精确编辑基因组的能力、其对免疫检查点控制的影响以及其在免疫细胞工程中的应用，在该领域它超越了传统基因编辑技术。该技术最初受细菌防御机制启发，作为免疫检查点阻断中特异性靶向PD-1/PD-L1通路的一种机制，在癌症免疫治疗方面取得了长足进展。此外，CRISPR/Cas9通过促进基因修饰以增强过继性细胞疗法的特性、优化该方法的治疗潜力，在癌症治疗中发挥重要作用。本综述概述了CRISPR/Cas9的发展、其在免疫检查点控制中的重要作用、在免疫细胞工程中的应用以及临床试验的现状。然而，与脱靶效应和意外突变相关的安全问题需要持续研究并谨慎对待。CRISPR技术的持续进步有望彻底改变癌症治疗模式，为各类癌症患者提供个性化且有效的治疗方法。
