Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 10;16(3):428. doi: 10.3390/v16030428.
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient. In the latter case, an immune response to the live virus vaccine is elicited, which protects against the pathogenic virus. Unlike other nucleic acid vaccines, such as mRNA and standard DNA vaccines, iDNA vaccines elicit protection with a single dose, thus providing major improvement to epidemic preparedness. Still, iDNA vaccines retain the advantages of other nucleic acid vaccines. In summary, the iDNA platform combines the advantages of reverse genetics and DNA immunization with the high immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in enhanced safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine platform has expanded the field of genetic DNA and RNA vaccines with a novel type of immunogenic DNA vaccines that encode entire live-attenuated viruses.
本文综述了编码全活减毒病毒的单剂量免疫原性 DNA（iDNA）疫苗。该平台有时被称为免疫 DNA，已被用于黄病毒和甲病毒的疫苗开发。iDNA 疫苗使用质粒 DNA 在体外或体内启动活减毒病毒疫苗。当 iDNA 被注射到体外或体内的哺乳动物细胞中时，衰减病毒的 RNA 基因组被转录，从而开始在细胞培养物或疫苗接受者的细胞中复制定义的活减毒疫苗病毒。在后一种情况下，会引发针对活病毒疫苗的免疫反应，从而预防致病性病毒。与其他核酸疫苗（如 mRNA 和标准 DNA 疫苗）不同，iDNA 疫苗只需一剂即可提供保护，从而为流行准备提供了重大改进。尽管如此，iDNA 疫苗仍保留了其他核酸疫苗的优势。总之，iDNA 平台将反向遗传学和 DNA 免疫的优势与活减毒疫苗的高免疫原性相结合，从而提高了安全性和免疫原性。该疫苗平台通过新型免疫原性 DNA 疫苗扩展了遗传 DNA 和 RNA 疫苗领域，这些疫苗可编码整个活减毒病毒。
