Mahmood Sajid, Khan Mian Sayed, Ullah Zaib, Lawal Raman Akinyanju, Hanotte Olivier
Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, University of Chakwal, Main Campus, Talagang Road, 48800, Chakwal, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 16;10(6):e27755. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27755. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.
In Pakistan, the origin of the indigenous cockfighting chicken (ICC) or gamecock population is unknown. However, it is speculated that this might have been associated with domestication, an event linked to recreational, entertainment (cockfighting), religious or ornamental activities. This study aims to understand the origin and genetic diversity of the ICC population in Pakistan. A total of 185 ICC population and 10 captive Indian red junglefowl () were analyzed for genetic diversity indices and phylogenetic reconstruction using a 397 bp of mtDNA D-loop region. It is reported that a total of 43 haplotypes from 38 polymorphic nucleotide sites. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity are also estimated in the range of 0.643-0.909, and 0.00585-0.01575, respectively. The total genetic diversity within the population was 91.52%. Four mitochondrial haplogroups A, B, C and D were identified by median-joining network analysis, two of them have high percentages, haplogroup D (81.6%) and A (15.1%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ICC population of Pakistan and shared haplogroup D. The results of this study showed that sub-haplogroup D17a05, has significantly high haplotype diversity and percentage as compared to previously published studies, this indicated that Pakistan might be one of the centres of domestication for chicken, as it is considered that Southeast Asia is the centre of domestication. Frequencies of Haplogroup A also indicate South-North indices. This research work showed that the indigenous cockfighting chicken population of Pakistan is genetically introgressed from , and significant variations could be attributed to the underlying differences in the geographics, selection pressures, introgression, and regional practices; and multiple origins of cockfighting chickens' populations around the world which reflected the past trading routes between human communities and civilizations.
在巴基斯坦，本土斗鸡鸡种（ICC）或斗鸡群体的起源不明。然而，据推测，这可能与驯化有关，驯化这一事件与娱乐、消遣（斗鸡）、宗教或观赏活动相关。本研究旨在了解巴基斯坦ICC群体的起源和遗传多样性。使用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D环区域的397 bp片段，对总共185个ICC群体和10只圈养的印度红原鸡（）进行了遗传多样性指数分析和系统发育重建。据报道，从38个多态核苷酸位点共获得43个单倍型。单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性估计值分别在0.643 - 0.909和0.00585 - 0.01575范围内。群体内的总遗传多样性为91.52%。通过中介网络分析鉴定出四个线粒体单倍群A、B、C和D，其中两个占比很高，即单倍群D（81.6%）和A（15.1%）。系统发育分析表明，巴基斯坦的ICC群体与共享单倍群D。本研究结果表明，与先前发表的研究相比，亚单倍群D17a05具有显著高的单倍型多样性和占比，这表明巴基斯坦可能是鸡的驯化中心之一，因为人们认为东南亚是驯化中心。单倍群A的频率也显示出南北指数。这项研究工作表明，巴基斯坦本土斗鸡鸡种群体在基因上源自，显著的差异可能归因于地理、选择压力、基因渗入和区域习俗的潜在差异；以及世界各地斗鸡鸡种群体的多个起源，这反映了人类社区和文明之间过去的贸易路线。
