Olowoyo J O, Mutemula M L, Agboola O O, Mugivhisa L L, Olatunji O O, Oladeji O M
Department of Health Science and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA.
Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Mar 20;12:361-368. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.03.007. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Milk may be consumed daily for the supply of essential nutrients in the body, however, depending on the source, milk may contain different concentrations of trace metals. The present study investigated the presence of trace metals in fresh milk purchased from different dairy farms and stores to determine the possible health risks to humans. A total of 15 fresh milk samples were purchased from various dairy farms (7 fresh milk samples) and stores (8 milk samples). Trace metals in collected milk samples were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The human health risk was determined through the Hazard Quotient (HQ), Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Risk. The results showed the presence of trace metals in fresh milk stores in the following order Pb>As>Se>Cr>Ni. The highest concentration for all the elements was recorded in Mg from milk purchased from the stores and ranged from 3.37±0.16 mg/L to 4.70±0.43 mg/L. In all the milk samples analyzed, levels of As, Pb, Se, Cr, and other elements were within the acceptable range recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences obtained in the concentrations of trace metals from both the purchased milk samples and those from the dairy farms were not significant (p<0.05). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Hazard Quotient Index showed no potential health risk for each trace metal indicating no health risk for the milk consumers at this stage. The traces of trace metals in the milk samples suggest the need for regular monitoring of trace metals in milk samples because prolonged exposure to these trace metals may seriously endanger the health of consumers.
为了提供人体必需的营养物质，牛奶可每日饮用，然而，根据来源不同，牛奶中可能含有不同浓度的痕量金属。本研究调查了从不同奶牛场和商店购买的新鲜牛奶中痕量金属的存在情况，以确定对人体可能存在的健康风险。总共从不同奶牛场（7个新鲜牛奶样本）和商店（8个牛奶样本）购买了15个新鲜牛奶样本。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP - MS）测定收集的牛奶样本中的痕量金属。通过危害商数（HQ）、致癌风险和非致癌风险来确定人体健康风险。结果表明，新鲜牛奶中痕量金属的存在顺序为铅>砷>硒>铬>镍。所有元素的最高浓度记录在从商店购买的牛奶中的镁元素中，范围为3.37±0.16mg/L至4.70±0.43mg/L。在所有分析的牛奶样本中，砷、铅、硒、铬和其他元素的含量均在世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的可接受范围内。从购买的牛奶样本和奶牛场的牛奶样本中获得的痕量金属浓度差异不显著（p<0.05）。估计每日摄入量（EDI）和危害商数指数表明，每种痕量金属均无潜在健康风险，这表明现阶段牛奶消费者不存在健康风险。牛奶样本中的痕量金属含量表明有必要定期监测牛奶样本中的痕量金属，因为长期接触这些痕量金属可能会严重危及消费者的健康。
