Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-347 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Geoinformatics - Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 20;926:172092. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172092. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Cultural ecosystem services (CES) and disservices shape landscape planning policy to a huge extent. We focus on the benefits and disbenefits associated with CES. The study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of the benefits and disbenefits associated with CES as well as the relationship between spatial and landscape characteristics and specific benefits and disbenefits. We conducted a map-based online questionnaire among visitors of two urban green spaces in Kraków, Poland (Wolski Forest and Jordan Park). Respondents were asked to map places visited and assign them benefits and disbenefits using indicator statements. We found three bundles of benefits (connection to nature, social bonding in nature and responsibility) and five to seven bundles of disbenefits (1). The experiences (e.g., strengthening social bonds) were more concentrated whereas the identities (e.g., reflection) were more blurred spatially owing to their individualistic nature (2). The relationship between benefits/disbenefits and landscape features showed a relatively weak correlation, with a more discernible pattern observed in the case of experiences and capabilities (3). Respondents perceived more human-related disbenefits (overcrowding, noise, rubbish), exhibiting a greater geographical concentration, especially in proximity to tourist attractions (4). The ecosystem-related disbenefits (insects, allergies) were less geographically concentrated (5). Furthermore, the study unveiled differences in the perception of disbenefits across seasons. Visitors of warmer months expressed concerns about overcrowding, insects, and allergies, while those exploring the study areas in winter indicated challenges associated with darkness and snow-covered paths (6). These are important implications for management to increase the comfort of visits to green spaces.
文化生态系统服务（CES）和不服务在很大程度上塑造了景观规划政策。我们专注于与 CES 相关的利益和弊端。本研究旨在探索与 CES 相关的利益和弊端的共同发生，以及空间和景观特征与特定利益和弊端之间的关系。我们在波兰克拉科夫的两个城市绿地（沃尔斯基森林和乔丹公园）的游客中进行了基于地图的在线问卷调查。受访者被要求绘制他们访问过的地方，并使用指标陈述为这些地方分配利益和弊端。我们发现了三个利益捆绑包（与自然的联系、在自然中建立社会联系和责任感）和五个到七个弊端捆绑包（1）。体验（例如，加强社会联系）更加集中，而身份（例如，反思）由于其个人主义性质而在空间上更加模糊（2）。利益/弊端与景观特征之间的关系显示出相对较弱的相关性，在体验和能力方面观察到更明显的模式（3）。受访者认为更多与人类相关的弊端（过度拥挤、噪音、垃圾），表现出更大的地理集中性，尤其是在靠近旅游景点的地方（4）。与生态系统相关的弊端（昆虫、过敏）的地理集中性较低（5）。此外，该研究揭示了不同季节对弊端的感知存在差异。温暖季节的游客对过度拥挤、昆虫和过敏表示担忧，而在冬季探索研究区域的游客则表示存在与黑暗和积雪道路相关的挑战（6）。这些对于管理部门增加对绿地的访问舒适度具有重要意义。
