Ballesteros Álvarez J M, Romero Barriuso A, Villena Escribano B M, Rodríguez Sáiz A, González-Gaya C
Department of Architectural Constructions & Construction and Land Engineering, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 19;10(6):e27877. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27877. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.
The ventilation of buildings is crucial to ensure indoor health, especially when demanding physical activities are carried out indoors, and the pandemic has highlighted the need to develop new management methods to ensure adequate ventilation. In Spain, there are no specific ventilation regulations to prevent the spread of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to have a theoretical tool for calculating occupancy to maintain sports facilities in optimal safety conditions. The proposed theoretical method is based on the analysis of mathematical expressions from European standardisation documents and uses the concentration of CO as a bioeffluent. It is also based on the concept of background and critical concentration, which allows its application to be extrapolated to future crises caused by pathogens. This study presents a unique and novel dataset for sports centres. For this purpose, the calculation methods were applied to the data set provided by Mostoles City Council, Spain, during the pandemic years with the highest incidence of COVID-19, when the government introduced the assimilation of COVID-19 sick leave to occupational accidents. The data on this type of sick leave provided by the City Council correspond to the period between March 2020 and February 2022. Similarly, the data on the average use of sports facilities by activity, provided by the Sports Department, correspond to the years 2020 and 2021. In this way, it was possible to verify the effectiveness in preventing the spread of any type of coronavirus. In conclusion, the implementation of a theoretical occupancy calculation method based on the concentration of carbon dioxide as a bioeffluent can be an effective tool for the management of future crises caused by pathogens or hazardous chemicals in the air, and demonstrated its effectiveness in sports centres such as gyms, sports fields, and indoor swimming pools during the COVID-19 pandemic.
建筑物的通风对于确保室内健康至关重要，尤其是在室内进行高强度体育活动时，而疫情凸显了开发新管理方法以确保充足通风的必要性。在西班牙，没有专门的通风法规来防止冠状病毒等病原体的传播。因此，有必要拥有一种理论工具来计算 occupancy，以使体育设施保持在最佳安全条件下。所提出的理论方法基于对欧洲标准化文件中数学表达式的分析，并使用 CO 的浓度作为生物排放物。它还基于背景浓度和临界浓度的概念，这使得其应用能够外推到未来由病原体引起的危机。本研究为体育中心提供了一个独特且新颖的数据集。为此，将计算方法应用于西班牙莫斯托莱斯市议会在 COVID-19 发病率最高的疫情年份提供的数据集，当时政府将 COVID-19 病假等同于职业事故病假。市议会提供的此类病假数据对应于 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 2 月期间。同样，体育部门提供的按活动划分的体育设施平均使用数据对应于 2020 年和 2021 年。通过这种方式，有可能验证在预防任何类型冠状病毒传播方面的有效性。总之，基于二氧化碳浓度作为生物排放物实施理论 occupancy 计算方法可以成为管理未来由空气中的病原体或有害化学物质引起的危机的有效工具，并在 COVID-19 大流行期间在健身房、运动场和室内游泳池等体育中心证明了其有效性。
