Mahajan Parag, Yang Dean
Department of Economics and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, 735 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
University of Michigan, Department of Economics and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, 735 S. State Street, Room 3316, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2020 Apr;12(2):250-277. doi: 10.1257/app.20180438.
How readily do potential migrants respond to increased returns to migration? Even if origin areas become less attractive vis-à-vis migration destinations, fixed costs can prevent increased migration. We examine migration responses to hurricanes, which reduce the attractiveness of origin locations. Restricted-access U.S. Census data allows precise migration measures and analysis of more migrant-origin countries. Hurricanes increase U.S. immigration, with the effect increasing in the size of prior migrant stocks. Large migrant networks reduce fixed costs by facilitating legal immigration from hurricane-affected source countries. Hurricane-induced immigration can be fully accounted for by new legal permanent residents ("green card" holders).
潜在移民对移民回报增加的反应有多迅速？即使原籍地区相对于移民目的地变得不那么有吸引力，固定成本也可能阻碍移民增加。我们研究了飓风对移民的影响，飓风会降低原籍地的吸引力。受限访问的美国人口普查数据允许进行精确的移民测量，并对更多移民来源国进行分析。飓风增加了美国的移民数量，且这种影响会随着先前移民存量的规模而增加。庞大的移民网络通过促进受飓风影响的来源国的合法移民来降低固定成本。飓风引发的移民完全可以由新的合法永久居民（“绿卡”持有者）来解释。
