Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2024 May;323(1):107-117. doi: 10.1111/imr.13327. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising ILC1s and natural killer cells (NK cells), belong to a large family of developmentally related innate lymphoid cells that lack rearranged antigen-specific receptors. NK cells and ILC1s both require the transcription factor T-bet for lineage commitment but additionally rely on Eomes and Hobit, respectively, for their development and effector maturation programs. Both ILC1s and NK cells are essential for rapid responses against infections and mediate cancer immunity through production of effector cytokines and cytotoxicity mediators. ILC1s are enriched in tissues and hence generally considered tissue resident cells whereas NK cells are often considered circulatory. Despite being deemed different cell types, ILC1s and NK cells share many common features both phenotypically and functionally. Recent studies employing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have exposed previously unappreciated heterogeneity in group 1 ILCs and further broaden our understanding of these cells. Findings from these studies imply that ILC1s in different tissues and organs share a common signature but exhibit some unique characteristics, possibly stemming from tissue imprinting. Also, data from recent fate mapping studies employing Hobit, RORγt, and polychromic reporter mice have greatly advanced our understanding of the developmental and effector maturation programs of these cells. In this review, we aim to outline the fundamental traits of mouse group 1 ILCs and explore recent discoveries related to their developmental programs, phenotypic heterogeneity, plasticity, and transcriptional regulation.
第一组固有淋巴细胞 (ILC)，包括 ILC1 和自然杀伤细胞 (NK)，属于一大类具有发育相关性的固有淋巴细胞，缺乏重排的抗原特异性受体。NK 细胞和 ILC1 都需要转录因子 T-bet 来确定谱系，但分别还依赖于 Eomes 和 Hobit 来进行发育和效应成熟程序。ILC1 和 NK 细胞对于对抗感染的快速反应都是必不可少的，通过产生效应细胞因子和细胞毒性介质来介导癌症免疫。ILC1 在组织中富集，因此通常被认为是组织驻留细胞，而 NK 细胞通常被认为是循环细胞。尽管被认为是不同的细胞类型，但 ILC1 和 NK 细胞在表型和功能上都有许多共同特征。最近使用单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 技术的研究揭示了第一组 ILC 中以前未被认识到的异质性，并进一步扩展了我们对这些细胞的理解。这些研究的结果表明，不同组织和器官中的 ILC1 具有共同的特征，但表现出一些独特的特征，可能源于组织印记。此外，最近使用 Hobit、RORγt 和多色报告小鼠进行的命运图谱研究的数据极大地促进了我们对这些细胞的发育和效应成熟程序的理解。在这篇综述中，我们旨在概述小鼠第一组 ILC 的基本特征，并探讨与它们的发育程序、表型异质性、可塑性和转录调控相关的最新发现。
