From the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Menopause. 2024 May 1;31(5):415-429. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002342. Epub 2024 Apr 1.
Nutritional guidelines for postmenopausal women differ. This study aimed to assess postmenopausal women's knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding nutrition during menopause and their dietary habits.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a menopause clinic, and data from 105 women were analyzed. A nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) questionnaire was designed, structured, and piloted before implementation, based on the Hellenic dietary guidelines. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Greek version, MedDietScore, and Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaires were administered.
The mean ± SD age of the women was 56.9 ± 4.6 years. The mean ± SD KAP score was 12.2 ± 3.5. Those who lived in rural areas had lower KAP scores than those who lived in urban areas ( P = 0.004). Of all the women, 74.5% knew the Mediterranean diet pyramid, whereas 9.8% knew the Hellenic dietary guidelines. Women who had read the guidelines showed better knowledge of Mediterranean diet food groups (Pearson, 0.309; P = 0.039). Knowledge of dairy services was correlated with consumption of dairy products ( P = 0.002). Furthermore, 76.4% were willing to participate in nutrition education programs. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire score was positively correlated with years of smoking ( P = 0.002). Physical activity correlated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet ( P = 0.044).
The majority of postmenopausal Greek women in this study were unaware of the Hellenic dietary guidelines. In general, women's knowledge of nutrition during menopause was moderate. Greek postmenopausal women are willing to participate in nutrition education programs, which should raise awareness of healthy lifestyles through nutrition, exercise, and smoking cessation.
绝经后女性的营养指南存在差异。本研究旨在评估绝经后女性在绝经期对营养的认知、信念和实践以及她们的饮食习惯。
这是一项在更年期诊所进行的横断面研究，共分析了 105 名女性的数据。根据希腊饮食指南，设计、构建并试点了营养知识、态度和观念（KAP）问卷。还使用了国际体力活动问卷-希腊语版、MedDietScore 和更年期特定生活质量问卷。
女性的平均年龄（标准差）为 56.9（4.6）岁。平均 KAP 评分为 12.2（3.5）。居住在农村地区的女性 KAP 评分低于居住在城市地区的女性（P=0.004）。在所有女性中，74.5%知道地中海饮食金字塔，而 9.8%知道希腊饮食指南。看过指南的女性对地中海饮食食物组的了解更好（皮尔逊，0.309；P=0.039）。对奶制品的了解与奶制品的消费相关（P=0.002）。此外，76.4%的女性愿意参加营养教育计划。国际体力活动问卷得分与吸烟年限呈正相关（P=0.002）。体力活动与地中海饮食的遵守程度相关（P=0.044）。
在这项研究中，大多数希腊绝经后女性都不知道希腊饮食指南。总的来说，女性对绝经期间营养的了解处于中等水平。希腊绝经后女性愿意参加营养教育计划，这些计划应通过营养、运动和戒烟来提高对健康生活方式的认识。
