Institute of Ecology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named After Patrice Lumumba, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, KN7 Ave, Kigali, Rwanda.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Apr 2;196(5):413. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12588-0.
The health effects of air pollution remain a public concern worldwide. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 report, we statistically analyzed total mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and years of life lost (YLL) attributable to air pollution in eight East African countries between 1990 and 2019. We acquired ambient ozone (O), PM concentrations and household air pollution (HAP) from the solid fuel from the State of Global Air report. The multilinear regression model was used to evaluate the predictability of YLLs by the air pollutants. We estimated the ratio rate for each health burden attributable to air pollution to compare the country's efforts in the reduction of air pollution health burden. This study found that the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution decreased by 14.26% for 30 years. The drop came from the reduction of 43.09% in mortality related to Lower Respiratory tract Infection (LRI). However, only five out of eight countries managed to decrease the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution with the highest decrease observed in Ethiopia (40.90%) and the highest increase in Somalia (67.49%). The linear regression model showed that HAP is the pollutant of the most concern in the region, with a 1% increase in HAP resulting in a 31.06% increase in regional YLL (R = 0.93; p < 0.05). With the increasing ground-level ozone, accompanied by the lack of adequate measures to reduce particulate pollutants, the health burdens attributable to air pollution are still a threat in the region.
空气污染对健康的影响仍然是全世界关注的公共卫生问题。本研究使用 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的数据，对 1990 年至 2019 年期间东非 8 个国家的总死亡率、伤残调整生命年（DALY）和寿命损失年（YLL）归因于空气污染的情况进行了统计学分析。我们从全球空气质量报告中获得了环境臭氧（O3）、PM 浓度和家用空气污染（HAP）数据。采用多元线性回归模型评估空气污染物对 YLL 的预测能力。我们估计了每个健康负担归因于空气污染的比率，以比较各国在减少空气污染健康负担方面的努力。本研究发现，30 年来，归因于空气污染的总死亡人数减少了 14.26%。这一下降归因于下呼吸道感染（LRI）相关死亡率下降了 43.09%。然而，只有 5 个国家（埃塞俄比亚降幅最大，为 40.90%，索马里增幅最大，为 67.49%）成功降低了归因于空气污染的总死亡人数。线性回归模型显示，HAP 是该地区最令人关注的污染物，HAP 增加 1%，区域 YLL 增加 31.06%（R=0.93；p<0.05）。随着地面臭氧的增加，同时缺乏减少颗粒物污染物的充分措施，空气污染造成的健康负担仍然是该地区的一个威胁。
