de la Garza Puentes Andrea, Montes Goyanes Rosa, Chisaguano Tonato Aida Maribel, Torres-Espínola Francisco José, Arias García Miriam, de Almeida Leonor, Bonilla Aguirre María, Guerendiain Marcela, Castellote Bargalló Ana Isabel, Segura Moreno Maite, García-Valdés Luz, Campoy Cristina, Lopez-Sabater M Carmen
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Food Research and Analysis Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 9;12(6):e0179135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179135. eCollection 2017.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) and elongase (ELOVL) enzymes affect long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) production. We aimed to determine if these SNPs are associated with body mass index (BMI) or affect fatty acids (FAs) in pregnant women. Participants (n = 180) from the PREOBE cohort were grouped according to pre-pregnancy BMI: normal-weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9, n = 88) and overweight/obese (BMI≥25, n = 92). Plasma samples were analyzed at 24 weeks of gestation to measure FA levels in the phospholipid fraction. Selected SNPs were genotyped (7 in FADS1, 5 in FADS2, 3 in ELOVL2 and 2 in ELOVL5). Minor allele carriers of rs174545, rs174546, rs174548 and rs174553 (FADS1), and rs1535 and rs174583 (FADS2) were nominally associated with an increased risk of having a BMI≥25. Only for the normal-weight group, minor allele carriers of rs174537, rs174545, rs174546, and rs174553 (FADS1) were negatively associated with AA:DGLA index. Normal-weight women who were minor allele carriers of FADS SNPs had lower levels of AA, AA:DGLA and AA:LA indexes, and higher levels of DGLA, compared to major homozygotes. Among minor allele carriers of FADS2 and ELOVL2 SNPs, overweight/obese women showed higher DHA:EPA index than the normal-weight group; however, they did not present higher DHA concentrations than the normal-weight women. In conclusion, minor allele carriers of FADS SNPs have an increased risk of obesity. Maternal weight changes the effect of genotype on FA levels. Only in the normal-weight group, minor allele carriers of FADS SNPs displayed reduced enzymatic activity and FA levels. This suggests that women with a BMI≥25 are less affected by FADS genetic variants in this regard. In the presence of FADS2 and ELOVL2 SNPs, overweight/obese women showed higher n-3 LC-PUFA production indexes than women with normal weight, but this was not enough to obtain a higher n-3 LC-PUFA concentration.
编码脂肪酸去饱和酶（FADS）和延长酶（ELOVL）的基因中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）会影响长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的生成。我们旨在确定这些SNP是否与体重指数（BMI）相关，或是否会影响孕妇体内的脂肪酸（FA）。来自PREOBE队列的参与者（n = 180）根据孕前BMI进行分组：正常体重（BMI = 18.5 - 24.9，n = 88）和超重/肥胖（BMI≥25，n = 92）。在妊娠24周时对血浆样本进行分析，以测量磷脂部分中的FA水平。对选定的SNP进行基因分型（FADS1中有7个，FADS2中有5个，ELOVL2中有3个，ELOVL5中有2个）。rs174545、rs174546、rs174548和rs174553（FADS1）以及rs1535和rs174583（FADS2）的次要等位基因携带者与BMI≥25的风险增加名义上相关。仅对于正常体重组，rs174537、rs174545、rs174546和rs174553（FADS1）的次要等位基因携带者与花生四烯酸：二高-γ-亚麻酸（AA:DGLA）指数呈负相关。与主要纯合子相比，携带FADS SNP次要等位基因的正常体重女性的花生四烯酸（AA）、AA:DGLA和AA:亚油酸（LA）指数水平较低，而二高-γ-亚麻酸（DGLA）水平较高。在携带FADS2和ELOVL SNP次要等位基因的人群中，超重/肥胖女性的二十二碳六烯酸：二十碳五烯酸（DHA:EPA）指数高于正常体重组；然而，她们的DHA浓度并不比正常体重女性高。总之，FADS SNP的次要等位基因携带者肥胖风险增加。孕妇体重会改变基因型对FA水平的影响。仅在正常体重组中，FADS SNP的次要等位基因携带者表现出酶活性和FA水平降低。这表明BMI≥25的女性在这方面受FADS基因变异的影响较小。在存在FADS2和ELOVL2 SNP的情况下，超重/肥胖女性的n-3 LC-PUFA生成指数高于正常体重女性，但这不足以获得更高的n-3 LC-PUFA浓度。
