Asimakidis Nikolaos D, Bishop Chris J, Beato Marco, Mukandi Irvin N, Kelly Adam L, Weldon Anthony, Turner Anthony N
Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom.
School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2024 Mar 19;15:1376047. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1376047. eCollection 2024.
This study provides insight into the current fitness testing practices in elite male soccer. One hundred and two practitioners from professional soccer leagues across 24 countries completed an online survey comprising 29 questions, with five sections: a) background information, b) testing selection, c) testing implementation, d) data analysis, and e) data reporting. Frequency analysis was used to evaluate the responses to fixed response questions and thematic analysis was used for open-ended questions to generate clear and distinct themes. Strength (85%) and aerobic capacity (82%) represent the most frequently assessed physical qualities. Scientific literature (80%) is the most influential factor in testing selection and practitioners conduct fitness testing less frequently than their perceived ideal frequency per season (3.6 ± 2 vs. 4.5 ± 2). Time and competitive schedule were the greatest barriers to fitness testing administration. Practitioners mostly used a 'hybrid' approach (45%) to fitness testing, blending 'traditional' (i.e., a day dedicated to testing) and 'integrated' (i.e., testing within regular training sessions) methods. Microsoft Excel is the most used software for data analysis (95%) and visualization (79%). An equal use of the combination of best and mean scores of multiple trials (44%) and the best score (42%) was reported. Comparing a player's test performance with previous scores (89%) was the most common method for interpreting test results. However, only 38% considered measurement error. Digital displays and verbal feedback are the most common data reporting methods, with different data reporting processes for coaches and players. Practitioners can use data and findings from this study to inform their current testing practices and researchers to further identify areas for investigation, with the overarching aim of developing the field of fitness testing in elite male soccer.
本研究深入探讨了精英男子足球当前的体能测试实践情况。来自24个国家职业足球联赛的102名从业者完成了一项包含29个问题的在线调查，该调查分为五个部分：a）背景信息，b）测试选择，c）测试实施，d）数据分析，以及e）数据报告。频率分析用于评估对固定回答问题的答复，主题分析用于开放式问题以生成清晰且独特的主题。力量（85%）和有氧能力（82%）是最常评估的身体素质。科学文献（80%）是测试选择中最具影响力的因素，并且从业者进行体能测试的频率低于他们认为的每个赛季理想频率（3.6±2次对比4.5±2次）。时间和比赛日程是体能测试管理的最大障碍。从业者大多采用“混合”方法（45%）进行体能测试，将“传统”方法（即专门安排一天进行测试）和“综合”方法（即在常规训练课程中进行测试）相结合。微软Excel是数据分析（95%）和可视化（79%）中使用最多的软件。报告显示，多次测试的最佳成绩与平均成绩相结合（44%）和最佳成绩（42%）的使用情况相当。将球员的测试表现与之前的成绩进行比较（89%）是解释测试结果最常用的方法。然而，只有38%的人考虑了测量误差。数字显示和口头反馈是最常见的数据报告方法，教练和球员的数据报告流程不同。从业者可以利用本研究的数据和结果为他们当前的测试实践提供参考，研究人员可以进一步确定调查领域，总体目标是发展精英男子足球体能测试领域。
