Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Int J Cancer. 2024 Aug 15;155(4):627-636. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34930. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
Whether trace metals modify breast density, the strongest predictor for breast cancer, during critical developmental stages such as puberty remains understudied. Our study prospectively evaluated the association between trace metals at Tanner breast stage B1 (n = 291) and at stages both B1 and B4 (n = 253) and breast density at 2 years post-menarche among Chilean girls from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessed the volume of dense breast tissue (absolute fibroglandular volume [FGV]) and percent breast density (%FGV). Urine trace metals included arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. At B1, a doubling of thallium concentration resulted in 13.69 cm increase in absolute FGV (β: 13.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.81, 24.52), while a doubling of lead concentration resulted in a 7.76 cm decrease in absolute FGV (β: -7.76, 95%CI: -14.71, -0.73). At B4, a doubling of barium concentration was associated with a 10.06 cm increase (β: 10.06, 95% CI: 1.44, 18.60), copper concentration with a 12.29 cm increase (β: 12.29, 95% CI: 2.78, 21.56), lead concentration with a 9.86 cm increase (β: 9.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 18.98), antimony concentration with a 12.97 cm increase (β: 12.97, 95% CI: 1.98, 23.79) and vanadium concentration with a 13.14 cm increase in absolute FGV (β: 13.14, 95% CI: 2.73, 23.58). Trace metals may affect pubertal breast density at varying developmental stages with implications for increased susceptibility for breast cancer.
在青春期等关键发育阶段，痕量金属是否会改变乳腺癌最强预测因子——乳房密度，这一问题仍有待研究。我们的研究前瞻性地评估了智利女孩生长和肥胖队列研究中，在乳房发育阶段 B1（n=291）和 B1 和 B4 两个阶段（n=253）时痕量金属与初潮后 2 年乳房密度之间的关系。双能 X 射线吸收法评估致密乳腺组织（绝对纤维腺体体积[FGV]）和乳腺密度百分比（%FGV）的容积。尿液痕量金属包括砷、钡、镉、钴、铯、铜、镁、锰、钼、镍、铅、锑、硒、锡、铊、钒和锌。在 B1 期，铊浓度翻倍导致绝对 FGV 增加 13.69cm（β：13.69，95%置信区间[CI]：2.81，24.52），而铅浓度翻倍导致绝对 FGV 减少 7.76cm（β：-7.76，95%CI：-14.71，-0.73）。在 B4 期，钡浓度翻倍与 10.06cm 的增加有关（β：10.06，95%CI：1.44，18.60），铜浓度与 12.29cm 的增加有关（β：12.29，95%CI：2.78，21.56），铅浓度与 9.86cm 的增加有关（β：9.86，95%CI：0.73，18.98），锑浓度与 12.97cm 的增加有关（β：12.97，95%CI：1.98，23.79），钒浓度与绝对 FGV 增加 13.14cm 有关（β：13.14，95%CI：2.73，23.58）。痕量金属可能会在不同的发育阶段影响青春期乳房密度，从而增加患乳腺癌的易感性。
