Carrasco C, Garmendia M L, Martínez-Arroyo A, Shepherd J S, Pereira A
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Avda el Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
Food Behavior Research Center (CEIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Valparaíso, 2360102, Valparaíso, Chile.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jul 22;64(5):245. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03755-1.
Breast density (BD) is an important risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Excessive caloric intake in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of BC and BD in adults. We aim to assess whether high total energy intake and energy density in the diet during puberty is associated with breast composition (% fibroglandular volume (%FGV) and absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV) in girls two years after menarche onset independently of body size.
Longitudinal study within the "Chilean Growth and Obesity Study". Total energy intake (TEI), dietary energy density (ED), and calories from foods with high energy density (FHED) were assessed in 369 girls by 24 h dietary recall (24 h), available from puberty until 2 years after menarche onset. Breast composition was measured through Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry.
The 17.1% of the girls were classified as obese. The mean reported of TEI was 1755 kcal/d (SD = 371 kcal), ED 1.03 kcal/g (SD = 0.18 kcal/g), and FHED 1042.2 kcal/d (SD = 294.7). The 4th quartiles of TEI and FHED were positively associated with %FGV (Q4 vs. Q1: ß = 0.08 (95%CI 0.02; 0.16) and ß = 0.10 (95%CI 0.03; 0.17), respectively). In the case of AFGV we observed a positive association between the 4th quartile of TEI, ED and FHED (Q4 vs. Q1: ß = 0.14 (95%CI 0.02; 0.26), 0.12 (95%CI 0.004; 0.24) and ß = 0.17 (95%CI 0.05; 0.29) respectively.
This is the first study to suggest an association between high energy dense foods and total energy intake during puberty and adolescent breast density. Further research is warranted to elucidate these associations across different life stages and underlying mechanisms.
乳腺密度（BD）是乳腺癌（BC）的一个重要风险因素。成年期热量摄入过多与成年人患BC和BD的风险增加有关。我们旨在评估青春期饮食中高总能量摄入和能量密度是否与月经初潮开始两年后女孩的乳腺组成（纤维腺体量百分比（%FGV）和绝对纤维腺体量（AFGV））相关，且独立于体型。
在“智利生长与肥胖研究”中进行纵向研究。通过24小时饮食回顾法（24 h）评估了369名女孩从青春期到月经初潮开始后两年的总能量摄入（TEI）、膳食能量密度（ED）和高能量密度食物的热量（FHED）。通过双能X线吸收法测量乳腺组成。
17.1%的女孩被归类为肥胖。报告的TEI平均值为1755千卡/天（标准差=371千卡），ED为1.03千卡/克（标准差=0.18千卡/克），FHED为1042.2千卡/天（标准差=294.7）。TEI和FHED的第4四分位数与%FGV呈正相关（Q4与Q1相比：β分别为0.08（95%置信区间0.02；0.16）和β为0.10（95%置信区间0.03；0.17））。对于AFGV，我们观察到TEI、ED和FHED的第4四分位数之间存在正相关（Q4与Q1相比：β分别为0.14（95%置信区间0.02；0.26）、0.12（95%置信区间0.004；0.24）和β为0.17（95%置信区间0.05；0.29））。
这是第一项表明青春期高能量密度食物和总能量摄入与青少年乳腺密度之间存在关联的研究。有必要进一步研究以阐明这些关联在不同生命阶段及潜在机制。
