Expression of the metastatic phenotype in cells transfected with human metastatic tumor DNA.

NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts form nonmetastasizing fibrosarcomas upon transformation by the Ha-ras oncogene isolated from the EJ human bladder carcinoma cell line and subcutaneous inoculation into immunocompetent NFS/NCr mice. DNA from a human metastatic tumor was transfected into these Ha-ras transformants, and one of the resulting colonies yielded a lung metastasis after subcutaneous inoculation. DNA was isolated from this metastasis and subjected to a second round of transfer into Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Inoculation of these transfected cultures into mice led once again to formation of metastases, this time at a higher frequency. Examination of four of the resulting metastases revealed discrete human DNA fragments that were common to all four. These findings demonstrate that the metastatic phenotype can be transferred via DNA from cell to cell and is associated with the presence of a discrete DNA segment. This segment is not identical to the myc oncogene or to any of the frequently detected ras tumor oncogenes.