Finnish Centre for Pensions, Helsinki, Finland.
Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Public Health. 2022 Oct 3;32(5):729-734. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac119.
Raising the statutory retirement age has been a common policy response to population ageing, but health problems may restrict labour force participation in older ages. We examined the development of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies in Finland from 2000 to 2017 using different measures of health problems.
Healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies were calculated for the age range 50-65 years using the Sullivan method. The health measures were limiting long-standing illness, self-rated health, mental health problems and self-assessed work ability.
Healthy working life expectancy was highest when health was measured by work ability. From 2000 to 2017, working years in full ability between the ages 50-65 increased from 6.2 (95% confidence interval 5.9-6.4) to 8.2 (8.0-8.5). Healthy working life expectancy increased also when measured by the other indicators. Unhealthy working years also increased, except when health problems were measured by limiting long-standing illness. The share of years in work increased both within the healthy and the unhealthy years, the increase being larger or equally large for the latter. Within the healthy and unhealthy years measured by the other three indicators, the share of working years increased irrespective of whether work ability was full or limited, but the increase was larger for limited work ability.
In Finland, healthy working life expectancy has increased irrespective of how health is measured but also working with health problems has become more prevalent. The estimates for healthy working years are highest when a direct measure of work ability is used.
提高法定退休年龄是应对人口老龄化的常见政策措施，但健康问题可能会限制老年人的劳动力参与。我们使用不同的健康问题衡量标准，研究了 2000 年至 2017 年期间芬兰健康和不健康工作预期寿命的发展情况。
使用 Sullivan 方法，为 50-65 岁年龄组计算了健康和不健康工作预期寿命。健康衡量标准包括长期患病、自评健康、心理健康问题和自我评估的工作能力。
当以工作能力衡量健康时，健康工作预期寿命最高。2000 年至 2017 年间，50-65 岁之间完全有能力工作的年限从 6.2 年（95%置信区间 5.9-6.4）增加到 8.2 年（8.0-8.5）。当使用其他指标衡量健康时，健康工作预期寿命也有所增加。不健康工作年限也增加了，除了用长期患病来衡量健康问题时。健康和不健康年限内的工作年限都有所增加，后者的增长更大或同等幅度增加。在使用其他三个指标衡量的健康和不健康年限内，无论工作能力是否受限，工作年限的比例都有所增加，但对于受限的工作能力，增长幅度更大。
在芬兰，无论如何衡量健康，健康工作预期寿命都有所增加，但也有更多的人从事健康问题工作。当使用直接衡量工作能力的指标时，健康工作年限的估计值最高。
