Zhu Xiaohang, Liu Mengmeng, Bu Fanxing, Yue Xin-Yang, Fei Xiang, Zhou Yong-Ning, Ju Anqi, Yang Jianping, Qiu Pengpeng, Xiao Qi, Lin Chao, Jiang Wan, Wang Lianjun, Li Xiaopeng, Luo Wei
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Institute for Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Mar 11;11(5):nwae081. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae081. eCollection 2024 May.
Hierarchical self-assembly with long-range order above centimeters widely exists in nature. Mimicking similar structures to promote reaction kinetics of electrochemical energy devices is of immense interest, yet remains challenging. Here, we report a bottom-up self-assembly approach to constructing ordered mesoporous nanofibers with a structure resembling vascular bundles via electrospinning. The synthesis involves self-assembling polystyrene (PS) homopolymer, amphiphilic diblock copolymer, and precursors into supramolecular micelles. Elongational dynamics of viscoelastic micelle solution together with fast solvent evaporation during electrospinning cause simultaneous close packing and uniaxial stretching of micelles, consequently producing polymer nanofibers consisting of oriented micelles. The method is versatile for the fabrication of large-scale ordered mesoporous nanofibers with adjustable pore diameter and various compositions such as carbon, SiO, TiO and WO. The aligned longitudinal mesopores connected side-by-side by tiny pores offer highly exposed active sites and expedite electron/ion transport. The assembled electrodes deliver outstanding performance for lithium metal batteries.
具有厘米以上长程有序的分级自组装在自然界中广泛存在。模仿类似结构以促进电化学能量装置的反应动力学引起了人们极大的兴趣，但仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报告了一种自下而上的自组装方法，通过静电纺丝构建具有类似维管束结构的有序介孔纳米纤维。合成过程涉及将聚苯乙烯（PS）均聚物、两亲性二嵌段共聚物和前驱体自组装成超分子胶束。粘弹性胶束溶液的拉伸动力学以及静电纺丝过程中快速的溶剂蒸发导致胶束同时紧密堆积和单轴拉伸，从而产生由取向胶束组成的聚合物纳米纤维。该方法对于制备具有可调孔径和各种组成（如碳、SiO、TiO和WO）的大规模有序介孔纳米纤维具有通用性。由微小孔隙并排连接的排列纵向介孔提供了高度暴露的活性位点，并加快了电子/离子传输。组装的电极在锂金属电池中表现出优异的性能。
