Zacco Elsa, Broglia Laura, Kurihara Misuzu, Monti Michele, Gustincich Stefano, Pastore Annalisa, Plath Kathrin, Nagakawa Shinichi, Cerase Andrea, Sanchez de Groot Natalia, Tartaglia Gian Gaetano
RNA Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy.
RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
Chem Rev. 2024 Apr 24;124(8):4734-4777. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00575. Epub 2024 Apr 5.
This comprehensive Review delves into the chemical principles governing RNA-mediated crowding events, commonly referred to as granules or biological condensates. We explore the pivotal role played by RNA sequence, structure, and chemical modifications in these processes, uncovering their correlation with crowding phenomena under physiological conditions. Additionally, we investigate instances where crowding deviates from its intended function, leading to pathological consequences. By deepening our understanding of the delicate balance that governs molecular crowding driven by RNA and its implications for cellular homeostasis, we aim to shed light on this intriguing area of research. Our exploration extends to the methodologies employed to decipher the composition and structural intricacies of RNA granules, offering a comprehensive overview of the techniques used to characterize them, including relevant computational approaches. Through two detailed examples highlighting the significance of noncoding RNAs, and , in the formation of phase-separated assemblies and their influence on the cellular landscape, we emphasize their crucial role in cellular organization and function. By elucidating the chemical underpinnings of RNA-mediated molecular crowding, investigating the role of modifications, structures, and composition of RNA granules, and exploring both physiological and aberrant phase separation phenomena, this Review provides a multifaceted understanding of the intriguing world of RNA-mediated biological condensates.
这篇全面的综述深入探讨了支配RNA介导的聚集事件（通常称为颗粒或生物凝聚物）的化学原理。我们探究了RNA序列、结构和化学修饰在这些过程中所起的关键作用，揭示了它们与生理条件下聚集现象的相关性。此外，我们还研究了聚集偏离其预期功能并导致病理后果的情况。通过加深我们对由RNA驱动的分子聚集及其对细胞稳态影响的微妙平衡的理解，我们旨在阐明这一有趣的研究领域。我们的探索延伸到用于破译RNA颗粒的组成和结构复杂性的方法，全面概述了用于表征它们的技术，包括相关的计算方法。通过两个详细的例子突出非编码RNA在相分离组装形成中的重要性及其对细胞格局的影响，我们强调了它们在细胞组织和功能中的关键作用。通过阐明RNA介导的分子聚集的化学基础，研究RNA颗粒的修饰、结构和组成的作用，并探索生理和异常的相分离现象，本综述提供了对RNA介导的生物凝聚物这一有趣世界的多方面理解。
