DuBois Lindsay A, Bradley Valerie, Isvan Nilüfer
Human Services Research Institute, 2336 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02140, United States.
Human Services Research Institute, 2336 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02140, United States.
Disabil Health J. 2025 Jul;18(3S):101620. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101620. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Employment is an important component of community living, and a precursor to economic stability and independence. Despite this, research consistently demonstrates people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have low rates of community-based employment. However, little research has been conducted to quantify competitive integrated employment, and which individuals have better employment outcomes as it relates to competitive integrated employment.
This study aims to explore the ways in which key service-related and demographic characteristics of individuals with IDD are associated with participation in competitive integrated employment.
We used the 2021-2022 National Core Indicators Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities In-Person Survey dataset. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses, using chi-square and generalized linear models, to examine the cross-sectional relationship between employment and demographic and service-related characteristics for 4629 individuals with IDD.
Overall, 42% of the sample was unemployed but wanted a job, while 39% were underemployed and just 21% have competitive integrated employment. Several demographic and service-related characteristics were significantly associated with employment. After controlling for demographic and service-related correlates of employment, having an employment-related goal in one's service plan was associated with 4.5 (95% CI: 3.6-5.5) times higher odds of competitive integrated employment relative to unemployment.
This study underscores the value of person-centered planning for improved employment outcomes. Further research is needed to fully understand potential inequities in employment and system-level factors that are associated with competitive, integrated employment, as well as solutions to improve access to customized individual employment supports for all people with IDD.
就业是社区生活的重要组成部分，也是经济稳定和独立的先决条件。尽管如此，研究一直表明，智力和发育障碍（IDD）患者的社区就业比例较低。然而，很少有研究对竞争性综合就业进行量化，也很少有研究探讨哪些个体在竞争性综合就业方面有更好的就业成果。
本研究旨在探讨智力和发育障碍患者的关键服务相关特征和人口统计学特征与参与竞争性综合就业之间的关联方式。
我们使用了2021 - 2022年全国核心指标智力和发育障碍现场调查数据集。我们进行了双变量和多变量分析，使用卡方检验和广义线性模型，以检验4629名智力和发育障碍患者就业与人口统计学及服务相关特征之间的横断面关系。
总体而言，42%的样本失业但想找工作，39%就业不足，只有21%有竞争性综合就业。一些人口统计学和服务相关特征与就业显著相关。在控制了就业的人口统计学和服务相关相关因素后，服务计划中有与就业相关的目标与相对于失业而言竞争性综合就业的可能性高4.5（95%可信区间：3.6 - 5.5）倍相关。
本研究强调了以个人为中心的规划对改善就业成果的价值。需要进一步研究以充分了解就业方面潜在的不平等以及与竞争性综合就业相关的系统层面因素，以及改善为所有智力和发育障碍患者提供定制化个人就业支持的获取途径的解决方案。
