Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Genesis. 2024 Feb;62(1):e23586. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23586.
Neural activity influences every aspect of nervous system development. In olfactory systems, sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor project their axons to stereotypically positioned glomeruli, forming a spatial map of odorant receptors in the olfactory bulb. As individual odors activate unique combinations of glomeruli, this map forms the basis for encoding olfactory information. The establishment of this stereotypical olfactory map requires coordinated regulation of axon guidance molecules instructed by spontaneous activity. Recent studies show that sensory experiences also modify innervation patterns in the olfactory bulb, especially during a critical period of the olfactory system development. This review examines evidence in the field to suggest potential mechanisms by which various aspects of neural activity regulate axon targeting. We also discuss the precise functions served by neural plasticity during the critical period.
神经活动影响神经系统发育的各个方面。在嗅觉系统中，表达相同气味受体的感觉神经元将其轴突投射到位置固定的神经球上，从而在嗅球中形成气味受体的空间图谱。由于个体气味会激活特定的神经球组合，因此该图谱构成了编码嗅觉信息的基础。这种定型的嗅觉图谱的建立需要受自发活动指导的轴突导向分子的协调调节。最近的研究表明，感觉体验也会改变嗅球中的神经支配模式，尤其是在嗅觉系统发育的关键时期。本综述考察了该领域的证据，以提出各种神经活动调节轴突靶向的潜在机制。我们还讨论了关键时期神经可塑性所发挥的精确功能。
