Liu Xiaohan, Yang Fan, Wang Xindi, Huang Ning, Cheng Taozhu, Guo Jing
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Sociology, School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Apr 18;56(2):223-229. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.02.004.
To understand the health status, influencing factors and spatial distribution of the Chinese floating population and to evaluate the health equity of the floating population.
All the data were collected from the 2017 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey in China, binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that might affect the health of the floating population, and the concentration index method was used to evaluate the health equity of the floating population. Spatial autocorrelation analyses the spatial aggregation of health status and health equity.
The unhealthy rate of the floating population in China was 2.71%. Age and gender show a statistically significant impact on self-rated health; that is, as age increases, the self-rated health of the migrant population gradually deteriorates, and women are more likely to think that they are unhealthy. Fairness analysis shows that the concentration index of the floating population is 0.021 7, the urban household registration floating population is 0.021 6, and the rural household registration floating population is 0.021 9. It is shown that the fairness of the health status of the floating population is biased towards the high-income class, and the rural household registration floating population' s health unfairness is greater than that of the urban household registration migration population. Moreover, Moran' s =0.211 for self-rated health and Moran' s =0.291 for the unhealthy rate indicate that self-rated health has a spatial aggregation trend. Moran' s =0.136 showed the characteristics of spatial clustering, and the two-week prevalence fairness of the floating population was mainly in the northern and southeastern coastal areas.
In general, the health status of the floating population in China is relatively good. The main influencing factors of health included gender and age. The central tendency of health inequity is reflected in the southeast coastal and northern regions, which are characterized by poverty. Attention to spatial aggregation is not only helpful to analyze the reasons of floating population, but also to study the health differences between different regions and health-related factors, to improve the overall health level of the whole population.
了解我国流动人口的健康状况、影响因素及空间分布，评估流动人口的健康公平性。
数据来源于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查，采用二元Logistic回归分析可能影响流动人口健康的因素，运用集中指数法评估流动人口的健康公平性。空间自相关分析健康状况和健康公平性的空间聚集情况。
我国流动人口的不健康率为2.71%。年龄和性别对自评健康有统计学显著影响；即随着年龄增长，流动人口的自评健康逐渐变差，且女性更易认为自己不健康。公平性分析显示，流动人口集中指数为0.021 7，城镇户籍流动人口为0.021 6，农村户籍流动人口为0.021 9。表明流动人口健康状况公平性偏向高收入阶层，农村户籍流动人口的健康不公平性大于城镇户籍流动人口。此外，自评健康的Moran's I =0.211，不健康率的Moran's I =0.291，表明自评健康有空间聚集趋势。Moran's I =0.136显示了空间聚类特征，流动人口两周患病率公平性主要集中在北部和东南部沿海地区。
总体而言，我国流动人口健康状况相对较好。健康的主要影响因素包括性别和年龄。健康不公平性的集中趋势体现在东南沿海和北部贫困地区。关注空间聚集不仅有助于分析流动人口的成因，还能研究不同地区的健康差异及健康相关因素，以提高全体人群的整体健康水平。
