体育活动与饮食习惯相结合与心血管危险因素之间的关联。
The association between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors.
作者信息
Wang Weiwei, Zhou Hairong, Qi Shengxiang, Yang Huafeng, Hong Xin
机构信息
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
出版信息
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 29;10(7):e28845. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28845. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors in adults from Nanjing, China.
METHODS
The cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 involved a sample of 60 283 individuals aged ≥18 years in Nanjing municipality, China. The sampling method used was multistage stratified cluster sampling. The primary outcomes from multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted potential confounders were the relationships between physical activities combined with dietary habits and cardiovascular risk variables. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) were used to assess an additive interaction between dietary habits and physical activities.
RESULTS
After adjusting potential confounders, cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with the association of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, with the highest odds ratios (ORs) for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HLDL-c) (1.64, 95% CI [1.47, 1.84]) and hypertension (1.55, 95% CI [1.46, 1.64]). Additive interactions between physical inactivity and unhealthy diet were found in on cardiovascular risk factors of higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HLDL-c) (S, 2.57; 95% CI [1.27, 5.21]), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (S, 1.96; 95% CI [1.23, 3.13]), dyslipidemia (S, 1.69; 95% CI [1.08, 2.66]) and hypertension (S, 1.46; 95% CI [1.12, 1.89]). Their RERI was 0.39 (95% CI [0.18, 0.60]), 0.22 (95% CI [0.09, 0.35]), 0.11 (95% CI [0.03, 0.19]) and 0.17 (95% CI [0.06, 0.28]), respectively. OR of being HLDL-c, T2D, hypertension and dyslipidemia in participants of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet was 24%, 15%, 11% and 8.3%, respectively. Multiplicative interaction was detected in obesity, hypertension, T2D and HLDL-c.
CONCLUSION
An unhealthy diet and physical inactivity were strongly linked to cardiovascular risk factors. This study also showed that an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity combined to produce an additive effect on T2D, hypertension, HLDL-c, and dyslipidemia, suggesting a higher risk than the total of these factors, especially HLDL-c. Preventive strategies aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risks such as hypertension, T2D, HLDL-c, and dyslipidemia are necessary for targeting physical inactivity and unhealthy diet.
目的
本研究旨在调查中国南京成年人的体育活动与饮食习惯相结合与心血管危险因素之间的关联。
方法
2017年进行的横断面调查涉及中国南京市60283名年龄≥18岁的个体样本。采用的抽样方法是多阶段分层整群抽样。对潜在混杂因素进行调整后的多变量逻辑回归分析的主要结果是体育活动与饮食习惯相结合与心血管风险变量之间的关系。采用交互作用引起的相对超额风险（RERI）、交互作用引起的归因比例（AP）和协同指数（S）来评估饮食习惯与体育活动之间的相加交互作用。
结果
在调整潜在混杂因素后，心血管危险因素与缺乏体育活动和不健康饮食的关联显著相关，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HLDL-c）（比值比[OR]为1.64，95%置信区间[CI][1.47，1.84]）和高血压（OR为1.55，95%CI[1.46，1.64]）的比值比最高。在较高的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HLDL-c）（S为2.57；95%CI[1.27，5.21]）、2型糖尿病（T2D）（S为1.96；95%CI[1.23，3.13]）、血脂异常（S为1.69；95%CI[1.08，2.66]）和高血压（S为1.46；95%CI[1.12，1.89]）的心血管危险因素中发现了缺乏体育活动与不健康饮食之间的相加交互作用。它们的RERI分别为0.39（95%CI[0.18，0.60]）、0.22（95%CI[0.09，0.35]）、0.11（95%CI[0.03，0.19]）和0.17（95%CI[0.06，0.28]）。缺乏体育活动和不健康饮食参与者中HLDL-c、T2D、高血压和血脂异常的OR分别为24%、15%、11%和8.3%。在肥胖、高血压、T2D和HLDL-c中检测到相乘交互作用。
结论
不健康饮食和缺乏体育活动与心血管危险因素密切相关。本研究还表明，不健康饮食和缺乏体育活动相结合对T2D、高血压、HLDL-c和血脂异常产生相加效应，表明风险高于这些因素的总和，尤其是HLDL-c。针对缺乏体育活动和不健康饮食，制定旨在降低高血压、T2D、HLDL-c和血脂异常等心血管代谢风险的预防策略是必要的。
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