Department of Geriatrics, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, Fujian, 355000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Mar 19;24(1):855. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18346-8.
Lack of physical activity (PA), poor dietary habits, or other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are potential modifiable risk factors for hypertension. It has been sufficiently demonstrated in previous studies that physical activity or healthy dietary patterns can reduce the risk of hypertension. However, no research focused on the joint effects of PA and healthy dietary patterns on hypertension in a representative sample of adults.
We used data collected from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Healthy dietary patterns were assessed with the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and PA was measured using the metabolic equivalent minutes per week reported in questionnaires. We created four lifestyle categories based on the HEI-2015 and PA: (1) unhealthy diet and physically inactive (less than recommended PA), (2) healthy diet but physically inactive, (3) unhealthy diet but physically active (recommended PA), (4) healthy diet and physically active. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between joint PA and HEI-2015 and hypertension.
A total of 24,453 participants were enrolled in the study. Compared with unhealthy diet and physically inactive individuals, only healthy diet and physically active participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.9) were negatively associated with hypertension, while healthy diet but physically inactive participants (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.03) and unhealthy diet but physically active participants (AOR: 0.9, 95% CI 0.76-1.06) were not associated with hypertension.
In a representative sample of US adults, our findings suggest that individuals with recommended PA and healthy dietary patterns have a lower risk of hypertension than those with an unhealthy diet or less than recommended PA. Healthy eating habits and regular PA are potential preventive precautions against hypertension.
缺乏身体活动（PA）、不良的饮食习惯或其他不健康的生活方式行为是高血压的潜在可改变的危险因素。之前的研究充分表明，身体活动或健康的饮食模式可以降低高血压的风险。然而，没有研究关注 PA 和健康饮食模式对代表性成年人样本中高血压的联合影响。
我们使用了 2007-2018 年全国健康与营养调查的数据。使用 2015 年健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）评估健康的饮食模式，使用问卷中报告的代谢当量分钟/周来衡量 PA。我们根据 HEI-2015 和 PA 创建了四个生活方式类别：（1）不健康的饮食和不活跃（低于推荐的 PA），（2）健康的饮食但不活跃，（3）不健康的饮食但活跃（推荐的 PA），（4）健康的饮食和活跃。使用逻辑回归评估联合 PA 和 HEI-2015 与高血压之间的关系。
共有 24453 名参与者纳入研究。与不健康饮食和不活跃的个体相比，只有健康饮食和活跃的个体（调整后的优势比 [AOR]：0.77，95%CI 0.65-0.9）与高血压呈负相关，而健康饮食但不活跃的个体（AOR：0.89，95%CI 0.76-1.03）和不健康饮食但活跃的个体（AOR：0.9，95%CI 0.76-1.06）与高血压无关。
在代表美国成年人的样本中，我们的研究结果表明，与不健康的饮食或低于推荐的 PA 相比，具有推荐的 PA 和健康饮食模式的个体患高血压的风险较低。健康的饮食习惯和规律的 PA 是预防高血压的潜在措施。
