Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Jun;119(6):1405-1416. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.006. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
With the growing popularity of plant-based meat analogs (PBMAs), an investigation of their effects on health is warranted in an Asian population.
This research investigated the impact of consuming an omnivorous animal-based meat diet (ABMD) compared with a PBMAs diet (PBMD) on cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated risk of diabetes in Singapore.
In an 8-wk parallel design randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 89) were instructed to substitute habitual protein-rich foods with fixed quantities of either PBMAs (n = 44) or their corresponding animal-based meats (n = 45; 2.5 servings/d), maintaining intake of other dietary components. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol served as primary outcome, whereas secondary outcomes included other cardiometabolic disease-related risk factors (e.g. glucose and fructosamine), dietary data, and within a subpopulation, ambulatory blood pressure measurements (n = 40) at baseline and postintervention, as well as a 14-d continuous glucose monitor (glucose homeostasis-related outcomes; n = 37).
Data from 82 participants (ABMD: 42 and PBMD: 40) were examined. Using linear mixed-effects model, there were significant interaction (time × treatment) effects for dietary trans-fat (increased in ABMD), dietary fiber, sodium, and potassium (all increased in PBMD; P-interaction <0.001). There were no significant effects on the lipid-lipoprotein profile, including LDL cholesterol. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower in the PBMD group (P-interaction=0.041), although the nocturnal DBP dip markedly increased in ABMD (+3.2% mean) and was reduced in PBMD (-2.6%; P-interaction=0.017). Fructosamine (P time=0.035) and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function were improved at week 8 (P time=0.006) in both groups. Glycemic homeostasis was better regulated in the ABMD than PBMD groups as evidenced by interstitial glucose time in range (ABMD median: 94.1% (Q:87.2%, Q:96.7%); PBMD: 86.5% (81.7%, 89.4%); P = 0.041). The intervention had no significant effect on the other outcomes examined.
An 8-wk PBMA diet did not show widespread cardiometabolic health benefits compared with a corresponding meat based diet. Nutritional quality is a key factor to be considered for next generation PBMAs. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/as NCT05446753.
随着植物基肉类仿制品（PBMAs）越来越受欢迎，有必要在亚洲人群中调查它们对健康的影响。
本研究旨在调查在新加坡患有糖尿病风险较高的成年人中，食用杂食动物源性肉类饮食（ABMD）与植物基肉类仿制品饮食（PBMD）相比对心脏代谢健康的影响。
在一项 8 周平行设计的随机对照试验中，参与者（n=89）被指示用固定数量的 PBMAs（n=44）或相应的动物源性肉类（n=45；每天 2.5 份）替代习惯性富含蛋白质的食物，同时保持其他饮食成分的摄入。低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇作为主要结局，而次要结局包括其他与心脏代谢疾病相关的风险因素（例如葡萄糖和果糖胺）、饮食数据以及亚人群中的动态血压测量（n=40，基线和干预后）以及 14 天连续血糖监测（与葡萄糖稳态相关的结局；n=37）。
对 82 名参与者（ABMD：42 名，PBMD：40 名）的数据进行了检查。使用线性混合效应模型，饮食反式脂肪（ABMD 增加）、膳食纤维、钠和钾（所有这些在 PBMD 中均增加；P 交互<0.001）存在显著的交互（时间×治疗）效应。血脂谱，包括 LDL 胆固醇，没有显著影响。在 PBMD 组中舒张压（DBP）较低（P 交互=0.041），尽管 ABMD 中夜间 DBP 下降明显增加（平均增加 3.2%），而 PBMD 中减少（减少 2.6%；P 交互=0.017）。果糖胺（P 时间=0.035）和β细胞功能稳态模型评估在第 8 周时得到改善（P 时间=0.006）。两组的血糖稳态调节都更好，表现为间质葡萄糖时间在范围内（ABMD 中位数：94.1%（Q：87.2%，Q：96.7%）；PBMD：86.5%（81.7%，89.4%）；P=0.041）。干预对其他检查结果没有显著影响。
与相应的肉类饮食相比，8 周的 PBMA 饮食并没有显示出广泛的心脏代谢健康益处。营养质量是下一代 PBMAs 要考虑的关键因素。该试验在 https://clinicaltrials.gov/as NCT05446753 进行注册。
