Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
Chem Asian J. 2024 Jun 3;19(11):e202400250. doi: 10.1002/asia.202400250. Epub 2024 May 9.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important sub-cellular organelles which controls myriads of biological functions including protein biosynthesis with proper functional folded form, protein misfolding, protein transport into Golgi body for secretion, Ca homeostasis and so on. Subsequently, dysregulation in ER function leads to ER stress followed by disease pathology like cancer. Hence, targeting ER in the cancer cells emerged as one of the futuristic strategies for cancer treatment. However, the major challenge is to selectively and specifically target ER in the sub-cellular milieu in the cancer tissues, due to the lack of ER targeting chemical moieties to recognize the ER markers. To address this, in the last decade, numerous biomaterials were explored to selectively impair and image ER in cancer cells to induce ER stress. This review outlines those biomaterials which consists of carbon and silicon materials, lipid nanoparticles (liposomes and micelles), supramolecular self-assembled nanostructures, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges and possible solutions of this promising field to usher the readers towards next-generation ER targeted cancer therapy.
内质网（ER）是最重要的亚细胞细胞器之一，它控制着包括蛋白质生物合成、正确的功能折叠形式、蛋白质错误折叠、蛋白质向高尔基体运输以进行分泌、钙平衡等在内的众多生物学功能。随后，内质网功能失调会导致内质网应激，进而导致癌症等疾病病理。因此，针对癌细胞中的内质网成为癌症治疗的未来策略之一。然而，主要的挑战是在癌症组织的亚细胞环境中选择性和特异性地靶向内质网，因为缺乏识别内质网标志物的内质网靶向化学基团。为了解决这个问题，在过去的十年中，人们探索了许多生物材料来选择性地损伤和成像癌细胞中的内质网，以诱导内质网应激。本文综述了那些由碳和硅材料、脂质纳米颗粒（脂质体和胶束）、超分子自组装纳米结构、细胞膜包覆的纳米颗粒和金属纳米颗粒组成的生物材料。此外，我们还讨论了这一有前途的领域所面临的挑战和可能的解决方案，以期引导读者走向下一代内质网靶向癌症治疗。
