Universidade da Coruña (University of A Coruña), Department of Physiotherapy and Biomedical Science, Psychosocial Intervention and Functional Rehabilitation Group, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
Universidade da Coruña (University of A Coruña), CITIC, Department of Mathematics, Elvina 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
J Occup Health. 2024 Jan 4;66(1). doi: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae013.
To determine the extent of career-long and 12-month exposure to sexual, physical, and psychological/verbal violence committed by patients or their companions among physical therapists in Spain. Additionally, to identify the factors associated with such exposure.
This study employed an observational cross-sectional approach. Initially, a questionnaire was developed and validated using a convenience sample. Subsequently, it was distributed via email to all physical therapists registered in Spain in the first quarter of 2022. Individual risk models were created for each type of violence experienced within the past 12 months.
The prevalence of violence encountered by physical therapists throughout their careers was 47.9% for sexual violence, 42.7% for psychological/verbal abuse, and 17.6% for physical abuse. Lower values were observed within the last 12 months (13.4%, 15.8%, and 5.2%, respectively). Statistical risk modeling for each type of violence experienced in the past 12 months indicated that the common precipitating factor for all forms of violence was working with patients with cognitive impairment. Working part-time appeared to be a protective factor. Other factors, such as the practitioners' gender, practice setting, or clinic location showed variations among the diverse types of violence.
The exposure to type II workplace violence within the last 12 months among physical therapists in Spain (Europe) is not so high as in some other world regions. Various individual, clinical, and professional/organizational risk factors have been identified in connection with type II workplace violence. Further research is warranted to compare the violence experienced once the COVID pandemic has subsided.
确定在西班牙物理治疗师的整个职业生涯中以及过去 12 个月内，患者或其同伴对其实施的性暴力、身体暴力和心理/言语暴力的程度，并确定与这种暴露相关的因素。
本研究采用观察性横断面研究方法。首先，使用方便样本开发并验证了一份问卷，然后在 2022 年第一季度通过电子邮件分发给所有在西班牙注册的物理治疗师。为过去 12 个月内经历的每种类型的暴力分别创建了个体风险模型。
在整个职业生涯中，物理治疗师经历的性暴力发生率为 47.9%，心理/言语虐待发生率为 42.7%，身体虐待发生率为 17.6%。在过去 12 个月内，这些数字分别下降到 13.4%、15.8%和 5.2%。针对过去 12 个月内经历的每种类型的暴力进行的统计学风险建模表明，所有形式暴力的共同诱发因素是与认知障碍患者合作。兼职工作似乎是一种保护因素。其他因素，如从业者的性别、实践环境或诊所地点，在不同类型的暴力中存在差异。
在西班牙（欧洲），物理治疗师在过去 12 个月内经历的 II 型工作场所暴力并不像其他一些世界地区那么高。已经确定了与 II 型工作场所暴力相关的各种个体、临床和专业/组织风险因素。需要进一步研究，以比较 COVID 大流行消退后的暴力经历。
