Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Apr;34(4):e14614. doi: 10.1111/sms.14614.
Long-track and short-track ice speed skating are integral to the Winter Olympics. The state of evidence-based injury prevention in these sports is unclear. Our goals were to summarize the current scientific knowledge, to determine the state of research, and to highlight future research areas for injury prevention in ice speed skating. We conducted a scoping review, searching all injury and injury prevention studies in competitive ice speed skaters. The six-stage Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) framework summarized the findings. The systematic search yielded 1109 citations. Nineteen studies were included, and additional searches yielded another 13 studies, but few had high-quality design. TRIPP stage 1 studies (n = 24) found competition injury rates from 2% to 18% of participants with various injury locations and types. Seasonal prevalence of physical complaints was up to 84% (for back pain) in long- and short-track. Ten studies covered information on TRIPP stage 2, with two small etiological studies linking injuries to functional strength deficits (short-track) and training load (long-track). Questionnaire studies identified various perceived risk factors for injuries but lacked further scientific evidence. Most TRIPP stage 3 studies (five out of eight) focused on developing protective measures, while two studies found short-track helmets performed poorly compared to helmets used in other sports. No study evaluated the efficacy, the intervention context, or the effectiveness (TRIPP stages 4-6) of the measures. Scientific knowledge on injury prevention in ice speed skating is limited. Future research should prioritize high-quality studies on injury epidemiology and etiology in the sports.
长道和短道速度滑冰是冬奥会的重要组成部分。这两项运动中基于证据的预防损伤的现状尚不清楚。我们的目标是总结当前的科学知识，确定研究现状，并强调冰上速度滑冰预防损伤的未来研究领域。我们进行了范围综述，搜索了所有有竞争力的冰上速度滑冰运动员的损伤和损伤预防研究。将研究转化为预防损伤实践的六个阶段（TRIPP）框架总结了研究结果。系统搜索产生了 1109 条引文。纳入了 19 项研究，另外的搜索又产生了另外 13 项研究，但很少有高质量的设计。TRIPP 阶段 1 研究（n=24）发现比赛中参与者的损伤率为 2%至 18%，损伤部位和类型各不相同。长道和短道的季节性身体投诉患病率高达 84%（腰痛）。有 10 项研究涵盖了 TRIPP 阶段 2 的信息，其中两项小型病因学研究将损伤与功能力量缺陷（短道）和训练负荷（长道）联系起来。问卷调查研究确定了各种受伤的风险因素，但缺乏进一步的科学证据。大多数 TRIPP 阶段 3 研究（8 项中的 5 项）侧重于开发保护措施，而两项研究发现短道头盔的性能不如其他运动中使用的头盔。没有研究评估这些措施的效果、干预背景或有效性（TRIPP 阶段 4-6）。关于冰上速度滑冰预防损伤的科学知识有限。未来的研究应该优先考虑关于这两项运动的损伤流行病学和病因学的高质量研究。
