Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Kuwait University, Khaldiya 12037, Kuwait.
Nutrients. 2024 Mar 28;16(7):984. doi: 10.3390/nu16070984.
Mounting evidence suggests that meal timing and frequency are associated with cardiometabolic health by influencing circadian rhythms. However, the evidence is inconsistent and limited, especially in non-Western cultures. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between temporal habits of dietary intake, such as nightly fasting duration and meal frequency, and metabolic syndrome among Kuwaiti adults. A 24-hour recall was used to assess temporal habits of dietary intake. Meal frequency was defined as the number of daily eating episodes. The study included a total of 757 adults aged 20 years and older. The participants' mean age was 37.8 ± 12.3 years. After adjusting for all confounders, higher meal frequency was found to be associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults (OR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.19-0.96) and a lower prevalence of elevated triglycerides in men only (OR, 0.23; 95%CI, 0.09-0.60). No association was found between nightly fasting and metabolic syndrome, but a longer fasting duration was associated with a lower prevalence of elevated triglycerides (OR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.06-0.63). The findings suggest that having frequent meals and longer durations of nightly fasting may help decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and elevated triglycerides.
越来越多的证据表明，通过影响昼夜节律，饮食的时间和频率与心脏代谢健康有关。然而，证据并不一致，尤其是在非西方文化中。本横断面研究旨在调查科威特成年人饮食摄入的时间习惯（如夜间禁食时间和用餐频率）与代谢综合征之间的关系。采用 24 小时回顾法评估饮食摄入的时间习惯。用餐频率定义为每天进食的次数。该研究共纳入 757 名年龄在 20 岁及以上的成年人。参与者的平均年龄为 37.8 ± 12.3 岁。在调整了所有混杂因素后，发现较高的用餐频率与成年人代谢综合征的患病率较低（OR，0.43；95%CI，0.19-0.96）以及男性中甘油三酯升高的患病率较低相关（OR，0.23；95%CI，0.09-0.60）。夜间禁食与代谢综合征之间没有关联，但禁食时间较长与甘油三酯升高的患病率较低相关（OR，0.19；95%CI，0.06-0.63）。研究结果表明，频繁进食和夜间禁食时间较长可能有助于降低代谢综合征和甘油三酯升高的风险。
