Piao Mei Jing, Kang Kyoung Ah, Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan, Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini, Koh Young Sang, Kang Hee Kyoung, Choi Yung Hyun, Hyun Jin Won
College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
Int J Med Sci. 2024 Mar 31;21(5):937-948. doi: 10.7150/ijms.93034. eCollection 2024.
The skin is directly exposed to atmospheric pollutants, especially particulate matter 2.5 (PM) in the air, which poses significant harm to skin health. However, limited research has been performed to identify molecules that can confer resistance to such substances. Herein, we analyzed the effect of fermented sea tangle (FST) extract on PM-induced human HaCaT keratinocyte damage. Results showed that FST extract, at concentrations less than 800 μg/mL, exhibited non-significant toxicity to cells and concentration-dependent inhibition of PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PM induced oxidative stress by stimulating ROS, resulting in DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, which were inhibited by the FST extract. FST extract significantly suppressed the increase in calcium level and apoptosis caused by PM treatment and significantly restored the reduced cell viability. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization occurred due to PM treatment, however, FST extract recovered mitochondrial membrane polarization. PM inhibited the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and induced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bim, the apoptosis initiator caspase-9, as well as the executor caspase-3, however, FST extract effectively protected the changes in the levels of these proteins caused by PM. Interestingly, pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK treatment enhanced the anti-apoptotic effect of FST extract in PM-treated cells. Our results indicate that FST extract prevents PM-induced cell damage via inhibition of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Accordingly, FST extract could be included in skin care products to protect cells against the harmful effects of PM.
皮肤直接暴露于大气污染物中，尤其是空气中的细颗粒物2.5（PM），这对皮肤健康构成了重大危害。然而，为确定能够抵抗此类物质的分子所开展的研究有限。在此，我们分析了发酵海带（FST）提取物对PM诱导的人HaCaT角质形成细胞损伤的影响。结果显示，浓度低于800μg/mL的FST提取物对细胞表现出无显著毒性，并对PM诱导的活性氧（ROS）生成具有浓度依赖性抑制作用。PM通过刺激ROS诱导氧化应激，导致DNA损伤、脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化，而FST提取物可抑制这些反应。FST提取物显著抑制了PM处理引起的钙水平升高和细胞凋亡，并显著恢复了降低的细胞活力。PM处理导致线粒体膜去极化，然而，FST提取物恢复了线粒体膜极化。PM抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达，并诱导促凋亡蛋白Bax和Bim、凋亡起始因子caspase-9以及执行因子caspase-3的表达，然而，FST提取物有效保护了PM引起的这些蛋白水平变化。有趣的是，泛半胱天冬酶抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK处理增强了FST提取物在PM处理细胞中的抗凋亡作用。我们的结果表明，FST提取物通过抑制人角质形成细胞中线粒体介导的凋亡来预防PM诱导的细胞损伤。因此，FST提取物可被纳入护肤品中，以保护细胞免受PM的有害影响。
