School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dermatol Ther. 2021 Mar;34(2):e14840. doi: 10.1111/dth.14840. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
As the largest organ in the body, human skin is constantly exposed to harmful compounds existing in the surrounding environment as the first-line barrier. Studies have indicated that exposure to high concentrations of many environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, outdoor air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), heavy metals, gaseous pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NO ), sulfur oxide (SO ), ozone (O ), and indoor air pollutants (solid fuels consumption), might interrupt the skin's normal barrier function. Besides, the intensity of the pollutants and the length of exposure might be a contributing factor. Air pollutants are believed to induce or exacerbate a range of skin conditions, such as aging, inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, cellulitis, and psoriasis), acne, hair loss, and even skin cancers (mainly melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) through various mechanisms. The interaction between pollutants and the skin might differ based on each agent's particular characteristics. Also, damaging the skin barrier seems to be closely related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of oxidative stress, activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and inflammatory cytokines. This article reviews recent studies on the correlation between air pollutants and skin diseases, along with related mechanisms.
作为人体最大的器官，皮肤作为第一道防线，不断暴露于周围环境中存在的有害化合物。研究表明，接触许多环境因素（如紫外线[UV]辐射）的高浓度，以及户外空气污染物（包括多环芳烃[PAHs]、挥发性有机化合物[VOCs]、颗粒物[PM]、重金属、气态污染物（如一氧化碳[CO]、氮氧化物[NO]、硫氧化物[SO]、臭氧[O]）和室内空气污染物（固体燃料消耗））可能会干扰皮肤的正常屏障功能。此外，污染物的强度和暴露时间可能是一个促成因素。空气污染物被认为通过多种机制诱导或加重一系列皮肤状况，如衰老、炎症性疾病（特应性皮炎、蜂窝织炎和银屑病）、痤疮、脱发，甚至皮肤癌（主要是黑色素瘤和鳞状细胞癌）。污染物与皮肤的相互作用可能因每个物质的特定特征而有所不同。此外，破坏皮肤屏障似乎与活性氧（ROS）的大量产生、氧化应激的诱导、芳香烃受体（AhR）的激活和炎症细胞因子的产生密切相关。本文综述了最近关于空气污染物与皮肤疾病之间的关联以及相关机制的研究。
