Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2024 May;323(1):8-18. doi: 10.1111/imr.13333. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
Cells of the mammalian innate immune system have evolved to protect the host from various environmental or internal insults and injuries which perturb the homeostatic state of the organism. Among the lymphocytes of the innate immune system are natural killer (NK) cells, which circulate and survey host tissues for signs of stress, including infection or transformation. NK cells rapidly eliminate damaged cells in the blood or within tissues through secretion of cytolytic machinery and production of proinflammatory cytokines. To perform these effector functions while traversing between the blood and tissues, patrolling NK cells require sufficient fuel to meet their energetic demands. Here, we highlight the ability of NK cells to metabolically adapt across tissues, during times of nutrient deprivation and within tumor microenvironments. Whether at steady state, or during viral infection and cancer, NK cells readily shift their nutrient uptake and usage in order to maintain metabolism, survival, and function.
哺乳动物先天免疫系统的细胞已经进化到保护宿主免受各种环境或内部伤害和损伤的侵害，这些伤害和损伤会破坏生物体的内稳态。先天免疫系统的淋巴细胞包括自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞，它们在血液或组织中循环并检测宿主组织中是否存在应激迹象，包括感染或转化。NK 细胞通过分泌细胞溶解机制和产生促炎细胞因子，迅速消除血液或组织中的受损细胞。为了在血液和组织之间穿梭时发挥这些效应功能，巡逻 NK 细胞需要足够的燃料来满足其能量需求。在这里，我们强调 NK 细胞在营养物质缺乏和肿瘤微环境中，在跨组织代谢适应的能力。无论是在稳定状态下，还是在病毒感染和癌症期间，NK 细胞都可以轻松改变其营养物质摄取和利用方式，以维持代谢、存活和功能。
