de Vries Clarissa, Andries Fien, Meissl Katharina
Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven, Antwerp, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2024 Apr 2;15:1379593. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379593. eCollection 2024.
Although research into multimodal stance-taking has gained momentum over the past years, the multimodal construction of so-called stacked stances has not yet received systematic attention in the literature. Mocking enactments are a prime example of such complex social actions as they are layered both interactionally and stance-related, and they rely significantly on the use of bodily visual resources, depicting rather than describing events and stances. Using Du Bois' Stance Triangle as a framework, this study investigates mocking enactments as a case study to unravel the multimodal aspects of layered stance expressions. Drawing on three data sets-music instruction in Dutch, German, and English, spontaneous face-to-face interactions among friends in Dutch, and narrations on past events in Flemish Sign Language (VGT)-this study provides a qualitative exploration of mocking enactments across different communicative settings, languages, and modalities. The study achieves three main objectives: (1) illuminating how enactments are used for mocking, (2) identifying the layers of stance-taking at play, and (3) examining the multimodal construction of mocking enactments. Our analysis reveals various different uses of enactments for mocking. Aside from enacting the target of the mockery, participants can include other characters and viewpoints, highlighting the breadth of the phenomenon under scrutiny. Second, we uncover the layered construction of stance on all axes of the Stance Triangle (evaluation, positioning, and alignment). Third, we find that mocking enactments are embedded in highly evaluative contexts, indexed by the use of bodily visual resources. Interestingly, not all mocking enactments include a multimodally exaggerated depiction, but instead, some merely allude to an absurd hypothetical scenario. Our findings contribute to the growing body of literature on multimodal stance-taking, by showing how a nuanced interpretation of the Stance Triangle can offer a useful framework for analyzing layered stance acts.
尽管在过去几年中，对多模态立场表达的研究势头渐盛，但所谓叠加立场的多模态构建在文献中尚未得到系统关注。嘲讽表演就是这种复杂社会行为的一个典型例子，因为它们在互动和立场方面都是分层的，并且极大地依赖于身体视觉资源的运用，描绘而非描述事件和立场。本研究以杜波依斯的立场三角为框架，将嘲讽表演作为一个案例研究，以揭示分层立场表达的多模态方面。基于三个数据集——荷兰语、德语和英语的音乐教学，荷兰语环境下朋友间的自发面对面互动，以及弗拉芒手语（VGT）中对过去事件的叙述——本研究对不同交际场景、语言和模态下的嘲讽表演进行了定性探索。该研究实现了三个主要目标：（1）阐明表演如何被用于嘲讽，（2）识别其中起作用的立场表达层次，（3）审视嘲讽表演的多模态构建。我们的分析揭示了表演在嘲讽中的各种不同用途。除了对嘲讽对象进行表演外，参与者还可以纳入其他角色和观点，凸显了所研究现象的广度。其次，我们揭示了立场三角所有轴（评价、定位和对齐）上立场的分层构建。第三，我们发现嘲讽表演嵌入在高度评价性的语境中，通过身体视觉资源的使用得以体现。有趣的是，并非所有嘲讽表演都包含多模态的夸张描绘，相反，有些只是暗示一个荒谬的假设情景。我们的研究结果通过展示对立场三角的细致解读如何能为分析分层立场行为提供一个有用的框架，为关于多模态立场表达的不断增长的文献做出了贡献。
