Skills training followed by either EMDR or narrative therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in adult survivors of childhood abuse: a randomized controlled trial.

Individuals suffering from PTSD following childhood abuse represent a large subgroup of patients attending mental health services. The aim of phase-based treatment is to tailor treatment to the specific needs to childhood abuse survivors with PTSD with a Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) phase, in which emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems are targeted, and a trauma-focused phase. The purpose of this study was to compare STAIR + Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vs. STAIR + Narrative Therapy (NT) as treatments for PTSD following childhood-onset trauma in a routine clinical setting. Sixty-eight adults were randomly assigned to STAIR/EMDR (8 STAIR-sessions followed by 12 EMDR-sessions) or STAIR/NT (8 STAIR-sessions followed by 12 NT-sessions). Assessments took place at pre-treatment, after each treatment phase and at 3 and 12 months post-intervention follow-up. Primary outcomes were interviewer-rated and self-reported symptom levels of PTSD. Secondary outcomes included symptom levels of depression and disturbances in emotion regulation and interpersonal skills. Multilevel analyses in the intent-to-treat sample indicated that patients in both treatments improved substantially on PTSD symptom severity (CAPS:  = 0.81 to 1.29; PDS:  = 1.68 to 2.15), as well as on symptom levels of depression, anxiety, emotion regulation, dissociation and interpersonal skills. Effects increased or were maintained until 12-month follow-up. At mid-treatment, after STAIR, patients in both treatments improved moderately on PTSD symptom severity (PDS:  = 1.68 to 2.15), as well as on symptom levels of depression (BDI:  = .32 to .31). Symptoms of anxiety, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems and dissociation were not decreased after STAIR. There were no significant differences between the two conditions on any outcome. PTSD in adult survivors of childhood interpersonal trauma can effectively be treated by phase-based interventions using either EMDR or NT in the trauma-processing phase. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01443182..