Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey.
Yalvaç Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2024 Jun;50(3):1305-1314. doi: 10.1007/s10695-024-01341-6. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
In this study, the anaesthetic effects of fennel and anise essential oils were investigated on common carp. Fish (10 ± 0.45 g) were exposed to nine concentrations of essential oils (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg L). Additionally, the histopathological effects on the fish tissues including gill, skin and hepatopancreas and physiological effects on some blood parameters (Na, K, Ca, Cl, total plasma protein and glucose) of essential oils were investigated in carp. At the end of the experiment, fennel oil showed an anaesthetic effect at a concentration of 500 mg L in carp (anaesthesia induction and recovery times were 308 and 472 s, respectively). Anise essential oil showed deep anaesthesia at a concentration of 100 mg L, but anaesthesia induction time was found to be very long (20 min). In addition, anise oil at concentrations above 100 mg L caused 10% mortality in fish. Blood parameters except glucose level in both essential oils were unchanged during deep anaesthesia in carp. However, plasma glucose levels were found lower in fish anaesthetized with anise oil than control and fennel groups (P < 0.05). At the histopathological examination, no pathological findings were observed in any organ of fish in the fennel group. However, severe hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltrations in gills, erosive lesions in the skin and slight inflammatory reactions in the skin were observed in the anise group. The present study demonstrated that fennel essential oil at 500 mg L concentration can be used as an effective and safe anaesthetic in common carp, but anise essential oil is not suitable.
在这项研究中，研究了茴香和大茴香精油对鲤鱼的麻醉效果。将鱼（10±0.45g）暴露于九种精油浓度（5、10、20、50、100、200、300、400 和 500mg/L）下。此外，还研究了精油对鱼组织（包括鳃、皮肤和肝胰腺）的组织学影响以及对一些血液参数（Na、K、Ca、Cl、总血浆蛋白和葡萄糖）的生理影响。实验结束时，在鲤鱼中，茴香油在 500mg/L 浓度下表现出麻醉效果（麻醉诱导和恢复时间分别为 308 和 472s）。大茴香精油在 100mg/L 浓度下表现出深度麻醉，但麻醉诱导时间非常长（20 分钟）。此外，在浓度高于 100mg/L 的大茴香油会导致鱼的死亡率达到 10%。在深度麻醉期间，两种精油中的血液参数除葡萄糖水平外均保持不变。然而，与对照组和茴香组相比，用大茴香油麻醉的鱼的血浆葡萄糖水平较低（P<0.05）。在组织病理学检查中，茴香组鱼的任何器官均未观察到病理发现。然而，在大茴香组中，观察到鳃严重充血和炎性细胞浸润、皮肤侵蚀性病变以及皮肤轻微炎症反应。本研究表明，茴香精油在 500mg/L 浓度下可作为鲤鱼的有效和安全麻醉剂，但大茴香精油不适用。
