Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Behera Province, Egypt.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Aquat Toxicol. 2020 Nov;228:105624. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105624. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
The study was designed to evaluate the possible protective roles of dietary Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) against cypermethrin (CP)-induced serum biochemical changes and oxidative stress of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Moreover, histopathological alterations, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in the gills and hepatic tissues were also assessed. Briefly, fish were allotted into six groups with three triplicates whereas a group fed on basal diet and did not exposed to CP and served as control (CTR), two groups were fed on diets supplemented with two levels of OVEO (0.5 % and 1.0 %), a group exposed to sub-lethal concentration of CP (1/10 of 96 h-LC = 0.4134 μg/L), and two other groups exposed to the same concentration of CP and fed on diets supplemented with both levels of OVEO (CP + 0.5 % OVEO, and CP + 1.0 % OVEO), respectively, for 30 days. CP induced significant elevation of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine levels indicating hepato-renal toxicity (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (P < 0.05). Moreover, CP induced significant histopathologic alterations in gills, anterior kidneys, and hepatic tissues with activation of apoptosis (Caspase-3) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Comet assay demonstrated significant DNA damage in gills and liver tissues of the CP-exposed group. Interestingly, a significant attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, CAT, and SOD levels (P < 0.05) was noticed in CP-exposed fish and concurrently fed diets supplemented with either 0.5 % or 1.0 % OVEO. Moreover, histopathologic alterations and apoptosis were significantly reduced along with a concomitant significant decrease in DNA damage (P < 0.05) which indicated the mitigation of DNA damage. Conclusively, the study showed that OVEO is an effective counteractive treatment against CP-induced damage in exposed common carp and is recommended during the formulation of fish rations.
本研究旨在评估膳食牛至精油（Origanum vulgare essential oil，OVEO）对氯氰菊酯（cypermethrin，CP）诱导的鲤鱼血清生化变化和氧化应激的可能保护作用。此外，还评估了鳃和肝组织的组织病理学改变、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和 DNA 损伤。简而言之，将鱼分为六组，每组三个重复，一组喂食基础饲料，不接触 CP，作为对照（CTR），两组喂食添加两种水平 OVEO 的饲料（0.5%和 1.0%），一组暴露于亚致死浓度的 CP（96 h-LC 的 1/10 = 0.4134 μg/L），另外两组暴露于相同浓度的 CP 并喂食添加两种水平 OVEO 的饲料（CP+0.5%OVEO 和 CP+1.0%OVEO），分别喂养 30 天。CP 诱导血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、尿素和肌酐水平显著升高，表明肝肾功能毒性（P<0.05）。此外，血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著降低（P<0.05）。此外，CP 诱导鳃、前肾和肝组织发生显著的组织病理学改变，同时激活细胞凋亡（Caspase-3）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）。彗星试验显示 CP 暴露组鳃和肝组织的 DNA 损伤显著。有趣的是，CP 暴露鱼同时喂食添加 0.5%或 1.0%OVEO 的饲料后，血清 ALT、AST、ALP、尿素、肌酐、CAT 和 SOD 水平显著降低（P<0.05）。此外，组织病理学改变和细胞凋亡显著减少，同时 DNA 损伤显著降低（P<0.05），表明 DNA 损伤得到缓解。综上所述，本研究表明，OVEO 是一种有效对抗 CP 诱导的暴露鲤鱼损伤的治疗方法，在制定鱼类饲料配方时应予以推荐。
