Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Cell Rep Med. 2024 Apr 16;5(4):101478. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101478.
Immunotherapy has emerged as a robust approach against cancer, yet its efficacy has varied among individuals, accompanied by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. As a result, the efficacy of immunotherapy is far from satisfactory, and enormous efforts have been invested to develop strategies to improve patient outcomes. The gut microbiome is now well acknowledged for its critical role in immunotherapy, with better understanding on host-microbes interaction in the context of cancer treatment. Also, an increasing number of trials have been conducted to evaluate the potential and feasibility of microbiome-targeting approaches to enhance efficacy of cancer treatment in patients. Here, the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites) in immunotherapy and the underlying mechanisms are explored. The application of microbiome-targeting approaches that aim to improve immunotherapy efficacy (e.g., fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary intervention) is also elaborated, with further discussion on current challenges and suggestions for future research.
免疫疗法已成为对抗癌症的有力手段，但它在个体中的疗效存在差异，并伴有免疫相关不良反应的发生。因此，免疫疗法的疗效远非令人满意，人们投入了巨大的努力来制定改善患者治疗效果的策略。肠道微生物组在免疫疗法中起着至关重要的作用，人们对宿主-微生物在癌症治疗中的相互作用有了更好的理解。此外，越来越多的试验已经开展，以评估靶向微生物组的方法在增强患者癌症治疗效果方面的潜力和可行性。在这里，我们探讨了肠道微生物组及其代谢物（例如短链脂肪酸、色氨酸代谢物）在免疫疗法中的作用及其潜在机制。还阐述了旨在提高免疫疗法疗效的靶向微生物组方法的应用（例如粪便微生物群移植、益生菌、饮食干预），并进一步讨论了当前的挑战和对未来研究的建议。
