Hysa Artan, Löwe Roland, Geist Juergen
Aquatic Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 17;14(1):8903. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59333-8.
Ecosystem services (ES) are essential to sustainable development at multiple spatial scales. Monitoring ES potential (ESP) at the metropolitan level is imperative to sustainable cities. We developed a procedure for long-term monitoring of metropolitan ESP dynamics, utilizing open-source land use land cover (LULC) data and the expert matrix method. We compared the ESP results of 38 European Capital Metropolitan Areas (ECMA) regarding biodiversity integrity, drinking water provision, flood protection, air quality, water purification, and recreation & tourism. Our results show significant declines in ESP across ECMA due to LULC alteration between 2006, 2012, and 2018. We found that ECMA in post-socialist European countries like Poland (Warszawa) have experienced high rates of land use transformation with a remarkable impact on ESP. Surprisingly, we found that Fennoscandinan ECMA, like Helsinki, Stockholm, and Oslo which lead the cumulative ESP ranking, faced the ESP reduction of the highest impact in recent years. The correlation analysis of ESP dynamics to urban expansion and population growth rates suggests that inattentive urbanization processes impact ESP more than population growth. We unveil the implications of our results to the EU and global level agendas like the European Nature Conservation Law and the Sustainable Development Goals.
生态系统服务（ES）在多个空间尺度上对可持续发展至关重要。在大都市层面监测生态系统服务潜力（ESP）对可持续城市来说势在必行。我们利用开源土地利用土地覆盖（LULC）数据和专家矩阵法，开发了一种用于长期监测大都市ESP动态变化的程序。我们比较了38个欧洲首都城市地区（ECMA）在生物多样性完整性、饮用水供应、防洪、空气质量、水净化以及休闲与旅游等方面的ESP结果。我们的结果表明，由于2006年、2012年和2018年期间的土地利用土地覆盖变化，整个ECMA地区的ESP显著下降。我们发现，像波兰（华沙）这样的后社会主义欧洲国家的ECMA经历了高速度的土地利用转型，对ESP产生了显著影响。令人惊讶的是，我们发现像赫尔辛基、斯德哥尔摩和奥斯陆等在累积ESP排名中领先的芬诺斯坎迪亚地区的ECMA，近年来面临着ESP下降的最大影响。对ESP动态变化与城市扩张和人口增长率的相关性分析表明，漫不经心的城市化进程对ESP的影响大于人口增长。我们揭示了我们的研究结果对欧盟和全球层面议程（如欧洲自然保护法和可持续发展目标）的影响。
