Gökengin Deniz
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
Ege University HIV/AIDS Research and Practice Center, İzmir, Turkey.
Infect Dis Clin Microbiol. 2022 Dec 21;4(4):223-228. doi: 10.36519/idcm.2022.199. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool for controlling the HIV epidemic. Since its approval in the United States in 2012 and Europe in 2016, it has become available on a global scale offered as a registered strategy in clinical studies or demonstration projects with a slow and steady increase. In the second quarter of 2022, PrEP became available in 78 countries globally, with around 3 million people having started using PrEP. Europe has been much slower than the rest of the world to roll out PrEP; nevertheless, currently, PrEP is nationally available and reimbursed in 21 countries; generics are available but not reimbursed in 14 countries. PrEP is not formally implemented in 20 countries, which are mostly Central and Eastern European countries. There are significant disparities between countries in terms of PrEP availability, accessibility, and usage, most likely due to social, cultural, and political differences. The major barriers to PrEP use are reported to be lack of knowledge of people in need, not being reimbursed, and low perception of HIV. PrEP uptake globally and regionally still lacks the power to have an impact on controlling the epidemic. High prioritization of PrEP targets will offer us a realistic chance of reaching the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) goal of a 90% reduction in HIV infections by 2030 compared to 2010.
暴露前预防(PrEP)是控制艾滋病毒流行的一种有效预防工具。自2012年在美国和2016年在欧洲获批以来,它已在全球范围内可用,作为临床研究或示范项目中的一项注册策略,其使用人数缓慢而稳步增加。2022年第二季度,PrEP在全球78个国家可用,约300万人开始使用PrEP。欧洲推出PrEP的速度比世界其他地区慢得多;不过,目前PrEP在21个国家可在全国范围内获得并得到报销;在14个国家有仿制药可用但未得到报销。在20个国家(大多是中东欧国家)PrEP未正式实施。各国在PrEP的可得性、可及性和使用方面存在显著差异,这很可能是由于社会、文化和政治差异造成的。据报告,PrEP使用的主要障碍是有需求的人群缺乏了解、未得到报销以及对艾滋病毒的认知度低。全球和区域范围内PrEP的采用率仍缺乏对控制疫情产生影响的力度。高度优先重视PrEP目标将为我们提供一个切实可行的机会,以实现联合国艾滋病规划署(UNAIDS)提出的到2030年将艾滋病毒感染率相对于2010年降低90%的目标。