MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Apr 18;73(15):324-329. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7315a1.
Unprecedented heat waves can affect all persons, but some are more sensitive to the effects of heat, including children and adults with underlying health conditions, pregnant women, and outdoor workers. Many regions of the United States experienced record-breaking high temperatures in 2023, with populations exposed to extremely high temperatures for prolonged periods. CDC examined emergency department (ED) visits associated with heat-related illness (HRI) from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program and compared daily HRI ED visit rates during the warm-season months (May-September) of 2023 with those during 2018-2022. In the 2023 warm-season months, daily HRI ED visit rates peaked in several regions and remained elevated for a prolonged duration. More males than females sought care in EDs for HRI, especially males aged 18-64 years. CDC issued multiple public health alerts using the Epidemic Information Exchange system to bring attention to increases in ED utilization for HRI. Deaths and illnesses associated with heat exposure are a continuing public health concern as climate change results in longer, hotter, and more frequent episodes of extreme heat. Near real-time monitoring of weather conditions and adverse health outcomes can guide public health practitioners' timing of risk communication and implementation of prevention measures associated with extreme heat.
前所未有的热浪可能影响所有人，但有些人对热的影响更为敏感，包括有潜在健康状况的儿童和成年人、孕妇和户外工作者。2023 年，美国许多地区都经历了创纪录的高温，长时间暴露在极高温度下的人群数量众多。疾病预防控制中心（CDC）利用国家综合征监测计划检查了与与热相关疾病（HRI）相关的急诊部（ED）就诊情况，并将 2023 年暖季（5 月至 9 月）的每日 HRI ED 就诊率与 2018-2022 年进行了比较。在 2023 年暖季期间，几个地区的每日 HRI ED 就诊率达到峰值，并持续长时间居高不下。在 ED 中因 HRI 就诊的男性多于女性，尤其是 18-64 岁的男性。疾病预防控制中心利用传染病信息交流系统发布了多次公共卫生警报，以引起人们对因 HRI 而增加的 ED 利用率的关注。与热暴露相关的死亡和疾病仍然是一个持续存在的公共卫生问题，因为气候变化导致更长、更热和更频繁的极端高温事件。对天气条件和不良健康结果的近乎实时监测可以指导公共卫生从业人员及时进行风险沟通，并实施与极端高温相关的预防措施。
