Symvoulakis Emmanouil K, Stachteas Panagiotis, Smyrnakis Emmanouil, Volkos Panagiotis, Mantadaki Aikaterini E, Karelis Andreas, Petraki Chrysi, Nioti Kadiani, Mastronikolis Stylianos, Antoniou Aikaterini M, Linardakis Manolis
Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC.
Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC.
Cureus. 2024 Mar 22;16(3):e56711. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56711. eCollection 2024 Mar.
This study aimed to assess the health profile of patient-attendees visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the relationships between multiple behavioral risk factors (MBRFs) and consultation-driven health information. Multiple behavioral risk factors involve a variety of unhealthy behaviors that are associated with an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
The study design was based on a dataset analysis, afterward exploring the feasibility and diagnostic capacity of respiratory morbidity aspects from a study previously conducted. The study dataset contained information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, health habits, clinical information, and reported comorbidities from 183 primary care patient-attendees. A categorical regression analysis was performed, using as a numeric variable the multiple MBRFs (clustering of 0 to four factors) in order to examine relationships with the basic and clinical characteristics of the patient-attendees.
Based on this secondary analysis, it was found that the prevalence of MBRFs is quite common among patient-attendees visiting urban PHC facilities. The prevalence of current smoking, sleep deprivation, increased body weight, and medium/high perceived stress levels were 33.9%, 52.5%, 83.1%, and 35.0%, respectively. An increased occurrence of MBRFs might be significantly predicted by the lower age of patient-attendees (b = -0.221, p = 0.05), by the absence of gray hair at an early age (b = -0.144, p = 0.042), by the physical discomfort during activities (b = 0.191, p = 0.017), or by the lower oxygen saturation (b = -0.184, p = 0.004). Diabetes mellitus (25.1%) was the most prevalent condition, followed by bronchial asthma (18.6%) and depression (15.8%).
Lower age, absence of premature hair whitening, physical discomfort during activities, and lower oxygen saturation are linked with an increased occurrence of MBRFs, leading to a neglected way of living. Those factors could be used to alert researchers, policymakers, and PHC professionals to act accordingly in order to prevent or early diagnose NCDs.
本研究旨在评估在新冠疫情期间前往基层医疗保健（PHC）机构就诊的患者的健康状况，并探讨多种行为危险因素（MBRFs）与因咨询产生的健康信息之间的关系。多种行为危险因素涉及各种与非传染性疾病（NCDs）患病率增加相关的不健康行为。
本研究设计基于数据集分析，随后从先前进行的一项研究中探索呼吸道发病方面的可行性和诊断能力。研究数据集包含183名基层医疗患者的社会人口学特征、健康习惯、临床信息和报告的合并症信息。进行了分类回归分析，将多种MBRFs（0至4个因素的聚类）用作数值变量，以检验其与患者的基本特征和临床特征之间的关系。
基于这项二次分析，发现MBRFs在前往城市基层医疗保健机构就诊的患者中相当普遍。当前吸烟、睡眠不足、体重增加和中/高感知压力水平的患病率分别为33.9%、52.5%、83.1%和35.0%。患者年龄较小（b = -0.221，p = 0.05）、早年无白发（b = -0.144，p = 0.042）、活动时身体不适（b = 0.191，p = 0.017）或血氧饱和度较低（b = -0.184，p = 0.004）可能显著预测MBRFs的发生率增加。糖尿病（25.1%）是最常见的疾病，其次是支气管哮喘（18.6%）和抑郁症（15.8%）。
年龄较小、无过早白发、活动时身体不适和血氧饱和度较低与MBRFs发生率增加有关，导致一种被忽视的生活方式。这些因素可用于提醒研究人员、政策制定者和基层医疗保健专业人员采取相应行动，以预防或早期诊断非传染性疾病。
