Shin Sungchul, Brunel Lucia G, Cai Betty, Kilian David, Roth Julien G, Seymour Alexis J, Heilshorn Sarah C
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 466 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 08826 Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Dec 8;33(50). doi: 10.1002/adfm.202307435. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
While the human body has many different examples of perfusable structures with complex geometries, biofabrication methods to replicate this complexity are still lacking. Specifically, the fabrication of self-supporting, branched networks with multiple channel diameters is particularly challenging. Here, we present the Gelation of Uniform Interfacial Diffusant in Embedded 3D Printing (GUIDE-3DP) approach for constructing perfusable networks of interconnected channels with precise control over branching geometries and vessel sizes. To achieve user-specified channel dimensions, this technique leverages the predictable diffusion of crosslinking reaction-initiators released from sacrificial inks printed within a hydrogel precursor. We demonstrate the versatility of GUIDE-3DP to be adapted for use with diverse physicochemical crosslinking mechanisms by designing seven printable material systems. Importantly, GUIDE-3DP allows for the independent tunability of both the inner and outer diameters of the printed channels and the ability to fabricate seamless junctions at branch points. This 3D bioprinting platform is uniquely suited for fabricating lumenized structures with complex shapes characteristic of multiple hollow vessels throughout the body. As an exemplary application, we demonstrate the fabrication of vasculature-like networks lined with endothelial cells. GUIDE-3DP represents an important advance toward the fabrication of self-supporting, physiologically relevant networks with intricate and perfusable geometries.
虽然人体有许多具有复杂几何形状的可灌注结构的不同例子，但复制这种复杂性的生物制造方法仍然缺乏。具体而言，制造具有多种通道直径的自支撑分支网络尤其具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了嵌入式3D打印中均匀界面扩散剂凝胶化（GUIDE-3DP）方法，用于构建相互连接通道的可灌注网络，并精确控制分支几何形状和血管大小。为了实现用户指定的通道尺寸，该技术利用了从打印在水凝胶前体中的牺牲墨水中释放的交联反应引发剂的可预测扩散。我们通过设计七种可打印材料系统，展示了GUIDE-3DP适用于多种物理化学交联机制的多功能性。重要的是，GUIDE-3DP允许独立调节打印通道的内径和外径，并能够在分支点制造无缝连接。这个3D生物打印平台特别适合制造具有遍布全身多个中空血管特征的复杂形状的带腔结构。作为一个示例性应用，我们展示了内衬内皮细胞的血管样网络的制造。GUIDE-3DP代表了朝着制造具有复杂且可灌注几何形状的自支撑、生理相关网络迈出的重要一步。
