Gu Yan, Zheng Haoyuan, Li Shuang, Wang Wantong, Guan Zheyun, Li Jizhu, Mei Nan, Hu Wenhe
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China.
Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130124, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 23;14(1):9361. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59916-5.
With the improvements in mechanization levels, it is difficult for the traditional intercropping planting patterns to meet the needs of mechanization. In the traditional maize‒soybean intercropping, maize has a shading effect on soybean, which leads to a decrease in soybean photosynthetic capacity and stem bend resistance, resulting in severe lodging, which greatly affects soybean yield. In this study, we investigated the effects of three intercropping ratios (four rows of maize and four rows of soybean; four rows of maize and six rows of soybean; six rows of maize and six rows of soybean) and two planting patterns (narrow-wide row planting pattern of 80-50 cm and uniform-ridges planting pattern of 65 cm) on soybean canopy photosynthesis, stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and related enzyme activities. Compared with the uniform-ridge planting pattern, the narrow-wide row planting pattern significantly increased the LAI, PAR, light transmittance and compound yield by 6.06%, 2.49%, 5.68% and 5.95%, respectively. The stem bending resistance and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and PAL, TAL and CAD activities were also significantly increased. Compared with those under the uniform-ridge planting pattern, these values increased by 7.74%, 3.04%, 8.42%, 9.76%, 7.39%, 10.54% and 8.73% respectively. Under the three intercropping ratios, the stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content and PAL, TAL, and CAD activities in the M4S6 treatment were significantly greater than those in the M4S4 and M6S6 treatments. Compared with the M4S4 treatment, these variables increased by 12.05%, 11.09%, 21.56%, 11.91%, 18.46%, 16.1%, and 16.84%, respectively, and compared with the M6S6 treatment, they increased by 2.06%, 2.53%, 2.78%, 2.98%, 8.81%, 4.59%, and 4.36%, respectively. The D-M4S6 treatment significantly improved the lodging resistance of soybean and weakened the negative impact of intercropping on soybean yield. Therefore, based on the planting pattern of narrow-wide row maize‒soybean intercropping planting pattern, four rows of maize and six rows of soybean were more effective at improving the lodging resistance of soybean in the semiarid region of western China.
随着机械化水平的提高，传统间作种植模式难以满足机械化需求。在传统玉米—大豆间作中，玉米对大豆有遮荫作用，导致大豆光合能力和抗茎弯能力下降，造成严重倒伏，极大影响大豆产量。本研究调查了三种间作比例（四行玉米和四行大豆；四行玉米和六行大豆；六行玉米和六行大豆）和两种种植模式（80 - 50厘米宽窄行种植模式和65厘米均匀垄种植模式）对大豆冠层光合作用、抗茎弯能力、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素及相关酶活性的影响。与均匀垄种植模式相比，宽窄行种植模式显著提高了叶面积指数（LAI）、光合有效辐射（PAR）、透光率和复合产量，分别提高了6.06%、2.49%、5.68%和5.95%。抗茎弯能力以及纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、酪氨酸解氨酶（TAL）和肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）活性也显著提高。与均匀垄种植模式下的值相比，这些值分别提高了7.74%、3.04%、8.42%、9.76%、7.39%、10.54%和8.73%。在三种间作比例下，M4S6处理的抗茎弯能力、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量及PAL、TAL和CAD活性显著高于M4S4和M6S6处理。与M4S4处理相比，这些变量分别提高了12.05%、11.09%、21.56%、11.91%、18.46%、16.1%和16.84%，与M6S6处理相比，分别提高了2.06%、2.53%、2.78%、2.98%、8.81%、4.59%和4.36%。D - M4S6处理显著提高了大豆的抗倒伏能力，减弱了间作对大豆产量的负面影响。因此，基于宽窄行玉米—大豆间作种植模式，四行玉米和六行大豆对提高中国西部半干旱地区大豆的抗倒伏能力更有效。
