Tran Duc Tin, Batchu Sri Nagarjun, Advani Andrew
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Apr 11;11:1357343. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1357343. eCollection 2024.
Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related pathways play key roles in the defence against microbial infection. However, these processes may also be activated during the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases, where they may contribute to organ injury, or function in a compensatory manner. In this review, we explore the roles of IFNs and IFN-related pathways in heart disease. We consider the cardiac effects of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); the emerging role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway; the seemingly paradoxical effects of the type II IFN, IFN-γ; and the varied actions of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Recombinant IFNs and small molecule inhibitors of mediators of IFN receptor signaling are already employed in the clinic for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. There has also been renewed interest in IFNs and IFN-related pathways because of their involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and because of the relatively recent emergence of cGAS-STING as a pattern recognition receptor-activated pathway. Whether these advances will ultimately result in improvements in the care of those experiencing heart disease remains to be determined.
干扰素（IFNs）及与干扰素相关的信号通路在抵御微生物感染中发挥着关键作用。然而，这些过程在非感染性疾病的发病机制中也可能被激活，在这些疾病中它们可能导致器官损伤，或以代偿方式发挥作用。在本综述中，我们探讨了干扰素及与干扰素相关的信号通路在心脏病中的作用。我们考虑了I型干扰素和干扰素刺激基因（ISGs）对心脏的影响；环磷酸鸟苷-腺苷酸合成酶（cGAS）-干扰素基因刺激因子（STING）信号通路的新作用；II型干扰素IFN-γ看似矛盾的作用；以及干扰素调节因子（IRF）家族转录因子的多种作用。重组干扰素和干扰素受体信号传导介质的小分子抑制剂已在临床上用于治疗某些自身免疫性疾病、感染和癌症。由于干扰素及与干扰素相关的信号通路参与了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染，以及环磷酸鸟苷-腺苷酸合成酶-干扰素基因刺激因子作为一种模式识别受体激活信号通路相对较新出现，人们对它们的兴趣也再次燃起。这些进展最终是否会改善心脏病患者的治疗效果仍有待确定。
